Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 4061 No. 4: 8 Jan. 2016
Type: Article
Published: 2016-01-08
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4061.4.4
Page range: 381–396
Abstract views: 50
PDF downloaded: 1

Molecular systematics and taxonomic status of three latitudinally widespread nototheniid (Perciformes: Notothenioidei) fishes from the Southern Ocean 

South African Instituted for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown, 6139, South Africa Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries, Rhodes University, Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
South African Instituted for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown, 6139, South Africa
South African Instituted for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown, 6139, South Africa National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, PO Box 754, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Nuñoa, Santiago, Chile
Pisces sequence divergence Lepidonotothen Gobionotothen Indian Ocean sector Atlantic Ocean sector mitochondrial DNA nuclear gene

Abstract

The taxonomic status of the three nototheniids, Lepidonotothen squamifrons, L. larseni and Gobionotothen marionensis from different localities in the Southern Ocean is re-evaluated at the DNA level. DNA sequence divergences and phylogenetic relationship were estimated using a combined mitochondrial (mtDNA, ND2 and COI) dataset and data for one nuclear gene (S7 intron 1). Phylogenies of both datasets had Lepidonotothen kempi nested within L. squamifrons lineage, with low sequence divergences (0% to 0.4%) between the two nominal species suggesting that they are populations of one species. Therefore, these results do not support the previous splitting of L. squamifrons into different species. Similarly, the L. larseni specimens also represented a single genetic unit (0.3% to 0.6%) with low geographic variation between Atlantic and Indian Ocean specimens, which does not support the splitting of this species into geographically restricted species. The mtDNA phylogeny clearly separated individuals of G. acuta from Kerguelen, Heard and MacDonald Islands from G. marionensis individuals into different clades, with sequence divergence of 2.9% between these clades supporting they are different species.

 

References

  1. Ansorge, I.J. & Lutjeharms, J.R.E. (2003) Eddies originating at the South-West Indian Ridge. Journal of Marine Systems, 39, 1–18.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0924-7963(02)00243-9

    Balushkin, A.V. (1976) A review of the “larseni” group of species of the genus Notothenia Rich. Journal of Ichthyology, 16 (1), 1–12.

    Balushkin, A.V. (1991) Review of green notothenias, Gobionotothen, Balushkin (Nototheniidae) of the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic. Journal of Ichthyology, 31 (4), 531–542.

    Balushkin, A.V. (2000) Morphology, classification and evolution of notothenioid fishes of the Southern Ocaen (Notothenioidei, Perciformes). Journal of Ichthyology, 40 (S1), S74–S109.

    Chow, S. & Hazama, K. (1998) Universal PCR primers for S7 ribosomal protein gene introns in fish. Molecular Ecology, 7, 1247–1263.

    Chown, S.L. & Froneman, P.W. (2008) The Prince Edward Islands in a global context. In: Chown, S.L. & Froneman, P.W. (Eds.), The Prince Edward Islands: Land-sea interactions in a changing ecosystem. Sun Press, Stellenbosch, pp. 1–16.

    Clarke, A., Barne, D.K.A. & Hodgson, D.A. (2005) How isolated is Antarctica? Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 20 (1), 1–3.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2004.10.004

    Damerau, M., Salzburger, W. & Hanel, R. (2014) Population genetic structure of Lepidonotothen larseni revisited: cyb and microsatellites suggest limited connectivity in the Southern Ocean. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 517, 251–263.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps11061

    Darriba, D., Taboada, G.L., Doallo, R. & Posada, D. (2012) jModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing. Nature Methods, 9 (8), 772.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2109

    DeWitt, H.H. (1966) Revision of the Antarctic and southern genus Notothenia (Pisces, Nototheniidae). Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, xiii + 469 pp.

    DeWitt, H.H., Heemstra, P.C. & Gon, O. (1990) Nototheniidae. In: Gon, O. & Heemstra, P.C. (Eds.), Fishes of the Southern Ocean. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, pp. 279–331.

    Duhamel, G., Hureau, J.-C & Ozouf-Costaz, C. (1983) Ecological survey of the notothenioid fishes in the Southern Ocean from Bouvet to Kerguelen Islands. In: Nemoto, T. & Matsuda, T. (Eds), Proceedings of the biomass colloquium in 1982, Memoirs of national institute of polar research, Special Issue 27, pp. 176–182. [Tokyo]

    Duhamel, G., Hulley, P.-A., Causse, R., Koubbi, P., Vacchi, M., Pruvost, P., Vigetta, S., Irisson, J.-O., Mormède, S., Belchier, M., Dettai, A., Detrich, H.W., Gutt, J., Jones, C.D., Kock, K.-H., Lopez Abellan, L.J. & Van de Putte, A.P. (2014) Biogeographic patterns of fish. In: De Broyer, C. & Koubbi, P. (Chief Eds.), Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, Cambridge, pp. 328–362.

    Folmer, O., Black, M., Hoeh, W., Lutz, R. & Vrijenhoek, R. (1994) DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology, 3 (5), 294–299.

    Gon, O. & Klages, N. (1988) The marine fish fauna of the sub-Antarctic Prince Edward Islands. South African Journal of Antarctic Research, 18 (2), 32–54.

    González-Wevar, C.A., Chown, S.L., Morley, S., Coria, N., Saucéde, T. & Poulin, E. (2014) Out of Antarctica: quaternary colonization of sub-Antarctic Marion Island by the limpet genus Nacella (Patellogastropoda: Nacellidae). Polar Biology, 29 November 2014, 1–13. [published online]
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-014-1620-9

    Hebert, P.D.N., Cywinska, A., Ball, S.L. & Dewaard, J.R. (2003) Biological identifications through DNA barcodes. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 270, 313–322.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2002.2218

    Hüne, M., González-Wevar, C., Poulin, E., Mansilla,A., Fernández, D.A. & Barrera-Oro, E. (2015) Low level of genetic divergence between Harpagifer fish species (Perciformes: Notothenioidei) suggests a Quaternary colonization of Patagonia from the Antarctic Peninsula. Polar Biology, 38 (5), 607–617.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-014-1623-6

    Jones, C.D., Anderson, M.E., Balushkin, A.V., Duhamel, G., Eakin, R.R., Eastman, J.T., Kuhn, K.L., Lecointre, G., Near, T.J., North, A.W., Stein, D.L., Vacchi, M. & Detrich, H.W. III. (2008) Diversity, relative abundance, new locality records and population structure of the Antarctic demersal fishes from the northern Scotia Arc islands and Bouvetøya. Polar Biology, 31, 1481–1497.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-008-0489-x

    Kellermann, A.K. (1989) The larval fish community in the zone of seasonal pack-ice cover and its seasonal and inter-annual variability. Archiv für Fischereiwissenschaft, 39 (Beih 1), 81–109.

    Kemp, A.E.S., Grigorov, I., Pearce, R.B. & Naveira, G.A.C. (2010) Migration of the Antarctic Polar Front through the mid-Pleistocene transition: evidence and climatic implications. Quaternary Science Reviews, 29, 1993–2009.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.04.027

    Kimura, M. (1980) A simple method for estimating evolutionary rate of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 16, 11–120.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01731581

    Kocher, T.D., Conroy, J.A., Stauffer, J.R. & Luckwood, S.F. (1995) Evolution of NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 in East African Cichlid fish. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 4 (4), 420–432.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/mpev.1995.1039

    Langenbuch, M. & Pörtner, H.O. (2003) Energy budget of hepatocytes from Antarctic fish (Pachycara brachycephalum and Lepidonotothen kempi) as afunction of ambient CO2: pH-dependent limitations of cellular protein biosynthesis? Journal of Experimental Biology, 206, 3895–3903.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.00620

    Larkin, M.A., Blackshields, G., Brown, N.P., Chenna, R., McGettigan, P.A., McWilliam, H., Valentin, F., Wallace, I.M., Wilm, A., Lopez, R., Thompson, J.D., Gibson, T.J. & Higgins, D.G. (2007) Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0. Bioinformatics, 23, 2947–2948.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btm404

    Librado, P. & Rozas, J. (2009) DnaSP v5: a software for comprehensive analysis of DNA polymorphism data. Bioinformatics, 25 (11), 1451–1452.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp187

    McDougall, I., Verwoerd, W. & Chevallier, L. (2001) K-AR geochronology of Marion Island, Southern Ocean. Geological Magazine, 138 (1), 1–17.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0016756801005039

    Miya, T., Gon, O., Mwale, M. & Cheng, C.-H.C. (2015) Multiple independent reduction or loss of antifreeze trait in low Antarctic and sub-Antarctic notothenioid fishes. Antarctic Science.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102015000413

    Near, T.J. & Cheng, C.-H.C. (2008) Phylogenetics of notothenioid fishes (Teleostei: Acanthomorpha): Inference from mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences. Molecular Phylogenetic and Evolution, 47, 832–840.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2007.11.027

    Near, T.J., Dornburg, A., Kuhn, K.L., Eastman, J.T., Pennington, J.N., Patarnello, T., Zane, L., Fenandez, D.A. & Jones, C.D. (2012) Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America, 109 (9), 3434–3439.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1115169109

    North, A.W. (2001) Early life history strategies of notothenioids at South Georgia. Journal of Fish Biology, 58, 496–505.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2001.tb02268.x

    Permitin, Y.Y. & Sazonov, Y.I. (1974) The systematics of Notothenia squamifrons Günther and related species. Journal of Ichthyology, 14 (4), 503–514.

    Petrov, A.F. (2011) New data on depths inhabited by striped-eyed rock cod Lepidonotothen kempi (Norman) (Nototheniidae) off Bouvet Island. Journal of Ichthyology, 51 (8), 683–685.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S0032945211050146

    Poulin, E., González-Wevar, C., Díaz, A., Gérard, K. & Hüne, M. (2014) Divergence between Antarctic and South American marine invertebrates: what molecules tell us about the Scotia Arc geodynamics and the intensification of the Antarctic circumpolar current. Global and Planetary Change, 123, 392–399.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.07.017

    Rock, J., Costa, F.O., Walker, D.I., North, A.W., Hutchinson, W.F. & Carvalho, G.R. (2008) DNA barcodes of fish of the Scottia Sea, Antarctica indicate priority groups for taxonomic and systematics focus. Antarctic Science, 20, 253–262.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954102008001120

    Schneppenheim, R., Kock, K.-H., Duhamel, G. & Janssen, G. (1994) On the taxonomy of the Lepidonotothen squamifrons group (Pisces, Perciformes, Notothenioidei). Archive of Fishery and Marine Research, 42, 137–148.

    Simmons, M.P. & Ochoterena, H. (2000) Gaps as characters in sequence-based phylogenetic analyses. Systematic Biology, 49 (2), 369–381.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/49.2.369

    Smith, P.J., Steinke, D., Dettai, A., McMillan, P., Welsford, D., Stewart, A. & Ward, R.D. (2012) DNA barcodes and species identifications in Ross Sea and Southern Ocean fishes. Polar Biology, 35, 1297–1310.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-012-1173-8

    Swofford, D.L. (2002) PAUP* v4: Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (and other methods). Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts.

    Tamura, K., Stecher, G., Peterson, D., Filipski, A. & Kumar, S. (2013) MEGA6: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 30 (12), 2725–2729.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst197

    Wöhrmann, A.P.A. (1996) Antifreeze glycopeptides and peptides in Antarctic fish species from the Weddell Sea and the Lazarev Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 130, 47–59.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps130047

    Voskonoinikova, O.S. & Kellermann, A. (1997) The osteological development of nine species of Nototheniidae (Perciformes: Notothenioidei). Cybium, 21 (3), 231–264.