Abstract
The identification of Leucothoe spinicarpa (Abildgaard) has presented a problem for taxonomists in recent years as it is widely regarded to be part of a species complex with cosmopolitan distribution. In an attempt to clarify the status of this species, a neotype of Leucothoe spinicarpa is herein designated and a complete redescription of the species given.References
Abildgaard, P.C. (1789) Zoologica Danica seu Animalium Daniae et Norvegiae rariorum ac minus notorum. In: Müller OF (Ed.), Descriptiones et Historia. 3, 1–71, pls. 1–120.
Ahmad, J. (1981a) On some amphipods of Karachi Coast. Records Zoological Survey of Pakistan, 8 (1–2), 27–36.
Barnard, J.L. (1970) Sublittoral Gammaridea (Amphipoda) of the Hawaiian Islands. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 34, 1–286.
Barnard, J.L. (1974) Gammaridean Amphipoda of Australia, Part II. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 139, 1–148.
Bellan-Santini, D. & Ledoyer, M. (1986) Gammariens (Crustacea, Amphipoda) des Iles Marion et Prince Edward. Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Verona, 13, 349–435.
Biernbaum, C.K. (1981) Seasonal changes in the amphipod fauna of Microciona prolifera (Ellis and Solander) (Porifera:Demospongia) and associated sponges in a shallow salt-marsh creek. Estuaries, 4, 85–96.
Boeck, A. (1876) De Skandinaviske og Artiske Amphipoder. A.W. Brogger, Christiania, iv + 712 pp., 32 pls.
Cejas, J.R., Brito, A. & Lozano, G. (1983) Sobre algunos gammaridos (Crustacea, Amphipoda) nuevos para la fauna marina de Canarias. Vieraea,12 (1–2), 317–328.
Chilton, C. (1923) Occasional notes on Australian Amphipoda. Records of the Australian Museum. 14, 79–100.
Costello, M.J. & Myers, A.A. (1987) Amphipod fauna of the sponges Halichondria panacea and Hymeniacidon perleve in Lough Hyne, Ireland. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 41, 115–121.
Crowe, S.E. & Thomas, J.D. (2002) Abundance and distribution of commensal amphipods from common marine sponges of southeast Florida. In: E. Escobar-Briones & Alvarez, F. (Eds.), Modern approaches to the study of crustacea. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, 105–110.
Della Valle, A. (1893) Gammarini del Golfo di Napoli. Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. Monographie 20: xi + 948 pp., atlas (Atlante) of 61 pls.
Diviacco, G. (1983b) Osservazioni sui crostacei anfipodi della centrale termoelettrica di Torvaldaliga. Natura (Milan) 74 (1–2), 83–95.
Fox, R. & Bynum, K.H. (1975) The amphipod crustaceans of North Carolina estuarine waters. Chesapeake Science, 16, 223–237.
Griffiths, C.L. (1974) The Amphipoda of southern Africa Part 4: The Gammaridea and Caprellidea of the Cape Province East of Cape Agulhas. Annals of the South African Museum, 65 (9), 251–336.
Hale, H.M. (1929) The Crustaceans of South Australia Part II. South Australian Government Printer Adelaide, 201–380.
Holman, H. & Watling, L. (1983b) Amphipoda from the Southern Ocean: families Colomastigidae, Dexaminidae, Leucothoidae, Liljeborgiidae, and Sebidae. Biology of the Antarctic Seas XIII, Antarctic Research Series, 38, 215–262.
Krapp-Schickel, G. (1975b) Revision of the Mediterranean Leucothoe species (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, 2, 91–118.
Latrielle, P.A. (1803) Histoire naturelle, generale et particuliere, des crustaces et des insects. 6, 391 pp., pls 44–57. Paris: F. Dufart.
Ledoyer, M. (1979a) Les gammariens de la pente externe du grand récif de Tuléar (Madagascar), (Crustacea:Amphipoda). Memorie del Museo Civico de Storia Natuale di Verona, 2, 1–150.
Lincoln, R.J. (1979) British Marine Amphipoda: Gammaridea. British Museum (Natural History), London, 658 pp.
Myers, A.A. (1985c) Shallow-water, coral reef and mangrove Amphipoda (Gammaridea) of Fiji. Records of the Australian Museum supplement 5, 144 pp., 109 figs.
Norman, A.M. (1895) A month on the Trondhjem Fiord. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 6, 15, 476–494.
Ortiz, M. (1975) Algunos datos ecologicos de Leucothoe spinicarpa Abildgaard, (Amphipoda: Gammaridea), en aquas cubanas. Investigaciones Marinas Ciencias series 8, 16, 1–12.
Pearse, A.S. (1932) Inhabitants of certain sponges at Dry Tortugas. Papers from the Tortugas Laboratory, 28, 117–124.
Sars, G.O. (1876) Prodromus descriptionis crustaceorum ft [sic] pycnogonidarum, qvae in expeditione Norvegica anno 1876, observavit. Archiv for Mathematik og Narurvidenskab 2, 337–271 [sic] [=227–271].
Sars, G.O. (1895) Amphipoda. An account of the Crustacea of Norway with short descriptions and figures of all the species. 1, viii + 711 pp., 240 pls, 8 supplementary pls.
Serejo, C.S. (1998) The Genus Leucothoe (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Leucothoidae) on the Brazilian Coast. Beaufortia, 48 (6), 105–134.
Stebbing, T.R.R. (1906) Amphipoda I. Gammaridea. Das Tierreich, 21, 1–806.
Thiel, M. (1999) Host-use and population demographics of the ascidian-dwelling amphipod Leucothoe spinicarpa indication for extended parental care and advanced social behaviour. Journal of Natural History, 33, 193–206.
Thiel, M. (2000) Population and reproductive biology of two sibling amphipod species from ascidians and sponges. Marine Biology, 137, 661–674.
Thomas, J.D. (1993) Identification Manual for marine Amphipoda (Gammaridea). I. Common coral reef and rocky bottom amphipods of South Florida. Department of Environmental Protection, Tallahassee, 83 pp.
Thomas, J.D. & Ortiz, M. (1975) Leucothoe laurensi, a new species of leucothoid amphipod from Cuban waters (Crustacea:Amphipoda:Leucothoidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 108, 613–616.
Vader, W. & Beehler, C.L. (1983) Metopa glacialis (Amphipoda, Stenothoidae) in the Barents and Beaufort Seas, and its association with the lamellibranches Musculus niger and M. discors s.l. Astarte, 12, 57–61.
Westinga, E. & Hoetjes, P.C. (1981) The intrasponge fauna of Spheciospongia vesparia (Porifera, Demospongiae) at Curaçao and Bonaire. Marine Biology, 62, 139–150.