Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Article
Published: 2009-05-11
Page range: 33–49
Abstract views: 35
PDF downloaded: 13

Culexiregiloricus, a new genus of Nanaloricidae (Loricifera) from the deep sea of the Guinea Basin (Southeast Atlantic)

Abt. DZMB, Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Südstrand 44, D-26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
Loricifera deep-sea meiofauna southeast Atlantic deep-sea basins Meteor Cruise M63/2 DIVA 2

Abstract

A postlarva of Nanaloricidae (Loricifera) was found in the deep sea of the Guinea Basin. This postlarva belongs to a new species, Culexiregiloricus trichiscalida, which also represents a new genus. It inhabits clayish sediments with a high amount of calcitic multi-chambered shells of recent planktonic foraminiferans of 0.25 to 1.5 mm in size. This is the third report of a species of Nanaloricidae from a deep-sea habitat. The postlarva is characterized by a mouth cone divided in a short basal section and being drawn out terminally in to a long and slim mouth tube as second section. It also has distinct filiform and delicate clavoand spinoscalis of the second and third rows all covered with minute trichoids, a lorica divided into eight plates (four broad and four narrow ones, some of which have two to eight transversal undulations) and eight wide intercalary plicae (six broad and two narrow ones, with distinct longitudinal folds), 14 lorica spikes of medium size along anterior rim of lorica. Other characters include eight dorsal papillated flosculi, of which six form clusters of three each on dorsolateral plates, and a caudal end with a broad ventral plate flanked longitudinally by massive elevated cuticular ridges. Together with the three species of the genus Armorloricus and one species of the genus Phoeniciloricus, the new species may form a specific species-group within Nanaloricidae, which is characterized by a long and slim mouth tube as the most obvious character.

References

  1. Ax, P. (2001) Das System der Metazoa III. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg, 283 pp.

    Bé, A.W.H. & Tolderlund, D.S. (1971) Distribution and ecology of living planktonic Foraminifera in surface waters of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. In: Riedel, B.M. & Funnell, B.M. (Eds), The micropalaeontology of oceans. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 105–149.

    Brown, P.A. (1997) A review of techniques used in the preparation, curation and conservation of microscope slides at the Natural History Museum, London. Biology Curator, 10 (suppl.), 1–33.

    Gad, G. (2002) New light on deep-sea Loricifera. Deep-Sea Newsletter, 32, 4–5.

    Gad, G. (2004a) A new genus of Nanaloricidae (Loricifera) from deep-sea sediments of volcanic origin in the Kilinailau Trench north of Papua New Guinea. Helgoland Marine Research, 58, 40–53.

    Gad, G. (2004b) The Loricifera fauna of the plateau of the Great Meteor Seamount. Archive of Fishery and Marine Research, 51 (1–3), 9–29.

    Gad, G. (2005a) A parthenogenetic, simplified adult in the life cycle of Pliciloricus pedicularis sp. n. (Loricifera) from the deep sea of the Angola Basin (Atlantic). Organisms, Diversity & Evolution, 5 (suppl. 1), 60–77.

    Gad, G. (2005b) Giant Higgins-larvae with paedogenetic reproduction from the deep sea of the Angola Basin – evidence for a new life cycle and for abyssal gigantism in Loricifera? Organisms, Diversity & Evolution, 5 (suppl. 1), 44–59.

    Heiner, I. (2004) Armorloriucs kristenseni (Nanaloricidae, Loricifera), a new species from the Faroe Bank (North Atlantic). Helgoland Marine Research, 58, 198–205.

    Heiner, I. & Neuhaus, B. (2007) Loricifera from the deep sea of the Galapagos Spreading Center, with a description of Spinoloricus turbatio gen. et sp. nov. (Nanaloricidae). Helgoland Marine Research, 61, 167–182.

    Higgins, R.P. & Kristensen R.M. (1986) New Loricifera from Southeastern United States coastal waters. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 438, 1–70.

    Higgins, R.P. & Thiel, H. (eds.) (1988) Introduction to the study of meiofauna. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC., 488 pp.Kemle von Mück, S. & Hemleben, C. (1999) Foraminifera. In: Boltovskoy, D. (Ed), South Atlantic Zooplankton, Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, pp. 43–73.

    Kristensen, R.M. (1983) Loricifera, a new phylum with Aschelminthes characters from the meiobenthos. Zeitschrift für Zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung, 21, 163–180.

    Kristensen, R.M. (1991a) Loricifera - A general biological und phylogenetic overview. Verhandlungen der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft, 84, 231–246.

    Kristensen, R.M. (1991b) Loricifera. In: Harrison, F.W. & Ruppert, E.E. (Eds), Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates, vol. 4: Aschelminthes, Wiley-Liss, New York, pp. 351–375.

    Kristensen, R.M. (2003) Loricifera (Kapitel 18.). In: Hofrichter, R. (Ed), Das Mittelmeer, Fauna, Flora, Ökologie (II/1Bestimmungsführer), Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg, Berlin, pp. 638–645.

    Kristensen, R.M. & Gad, G. (2004) Armorloricus, a new genus of Loricifera (Nanaloricidae) from Trezen ar Skoden (Roscoff, France). Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 45, 121–156.

    Kristensen, R.M. & Shirayama, Y. (1988) Pliciloricus hadalis (Pliciloricidae), a new loriciferan species collected from the Izu-Ogasawara Trench, Western Pacific. Zoological Science, 5, 875–881.

    Kristensen, R.M., Higgins, R.P., Heiner, I. (2007): Morphology and life cycle of a new loriciferan form the Atlantic coast of Florida with an emended diagnosis and life cycle of Nanaloricidae (Loricifera). Invertebrate Biology, 126 (2), 120–137.

    Lemburg, C. (1999) Ultrastrukturelle Untersuchungen an den Larven von Halicryptus spinosus und Priapulus caudatus (Hypothesen zur Phylogenie der Priapulida und deren Bedeutung für die Evolution der Nemathelminthes). PhD Thesis, Cuvillier Verlag, Göttingen, 393 pp.

    Müllegger, S. & Piller, W.E., (2006) Latitudinal and sediment depth gradients in foraminiferal assemblage of the southeast Atlantic. Anuário do Instituto de Geociências - UFRJ, 26, 552–553.

    Nielsen C. (1995) Animal evolution - Interrelationships of the living phyla. Oxford University Press, New York, 467 pp.

    Todaro, M.A. & Kristensen, R.M. (1998) A new species and first report of the genus Nanaloricus (Loricifera, Nanaloricidae) from the Mediterranean Sea. Italian Journal of Zoology, 65, 219–226.