Zootaxa

Review of all Tetrigidae species described from 1758 to 1886

2026-07-06T13:14:27+12:00

In this review, all 234 species of Tetrigidae, described prior to 1887 from Africa, America, Asia, Australia, and Europe are studied. Varieties and subspecies are included as separate species. 123 of them are valid species. The following 10 new combinations are created: Acanthalobus japonicus (Haan, 1843) comb. nov., Prosoaltus cephalicus (Haan, 1843) comb. nov., Acanthalobus inornatus (Walker, 1871) comb. nov., Coptotettix notatus (Walker, 1871) comb. nov., Criotettix consocius Walker, 1871 comb. nov., Hyboella compacta (Walker, 1871) comb. nov., Loxilobus planus (Walker, 1871) comb. nov., Paratettix nigricollis (Walker, 1871) comb. nov., Ergatettix nodulosus (Hancock, 1912) comb. nov., and Acanthalobus okinawensis (Ichikawa, 1994) comb. nov. Eight species are classified as nom. dub.: Acrydium morbillosum Fabricius, 1787 nom. dub. nov., Acrydium indum Olivier, 1791 nom. dub. nov., Tetrix scapularis Palisot de Beauvois, 1805 nom. dub. nov., Tetrix striata Palisot de Beauvois, 1805 nom. dub. nov., Tetrix areolata Westwood, 1841 nom. dub. nov., Tetrix dimidiata Westwood, 1841 nom. dub. nov., Tetrix ensifer Westwood, 1841 nom. dub. nov., and Tetrix condylops Gerstaecker, 1869 nom. dub. nov. The status is changed in two genera and three species: Acanthalobus Hancock, 1904 stat. nov., Prosoaltus Hancock, 1913 stat. nov., Tetrix quadrimaculata (Thunberg, 1815) stat. nov., Leptacrydium carinatum (Kirby, 1902) stat. nov., and Paratettix ocellatus Uvarov, 1936 stat. nov. 29 synonyms are established: Tettix armigera Walker, 1871 syn. nov., Tettix pallitarsis Walker, 1871 syn. nov., Criotettix oculatus Bolívar, 1898 syn. nov., Criotettix oculatus magnus Hancock, 1907 syn. nov., and Criotettix lombokensis Bolívar, 1909 syn. nov. = Criotettix bispinosus (Dalman, 1818), Tettix lineifera Walker, 1871 syn. nov. and Tettix munda Walker, 1871 syn. nov. = Hedotettix gracilis (Haan, 1843), Oxyphylllum pennatum Hancock, 1909 syn. nov. = Fieberiana pachymera (Fieber, 1844), Tettix cervina Walker, 1871 syn. nov., Criotettix baeri Bolívar, 1887 syn. nov., and Criotettix miliarius Bolívar, 1887 syn. nov. = Acanthalobus inornatus (Walker, 1871) comb. nov., Tettix reducta Walker, 1871 syn. nov. and Euparatettix personatus (Bolivar, 1887) syn. nov. = Euparatettix balteatus (Walker, 1871), Hyboella overbecki Günther, 1939 syn. nov. = Hyboella compacta (Walker, 1871) comb. nov., Tettix fuscipes Stål, 1877 syn. nov. and Mazarredia lauta Bolívar, 1887 syn. nov. = Mazarredia (Rosacris) sobria (Walker, 1871), Tettix albescens Walker, 1871 syn. nov., Tettix lineosa Walker, 1871 syn. nov., and Tettix umbrifera Walker, 1871 syn. nov. = Paratettix cingalensis (Walker, 1871), Paratettix tricarinatus Bolivar, 1887 syn. nov. = Paratettix nigricollis (Walker, 1871) comb. nov., Tettiella arcuata Hancock, 1909 syn. nov. = Tettiella odiosa (Walker, 1871), Tettix dentifer Stål, 1877 syn. nov. and Platygavialidium kraussi (Bolívar, 1887) syn. nov. = Platygavialidium productum (Walker, 1871), Spartolus tricostatus Bolívar, 1887 syn. nov. = Spartolus minax (Walker, 1871), Bolotettix luzonicus Bey-Bienko, 1935 syn. nov. = Bolotettix uncinatus (Stål, 1877). Acrydium granulatum Kirby, 1837 syn. nov. is not a synonym of Tetrix subulata (Linnaeus, 1758) but of Tetrix quadrimaculata (Thunberg, 1815). Tettix simplex Walker, 1871 syn. nov., and Acanthalobus longinotus Hancock, 1907 syn. nov. are not synonyms of Criotettix bispinosus (Dalman, 1818) but of Acanthalobus inornatus (Walker, 1871), and Lamellitettix pluricarinatus Hancock, 1909 syn. nov. is not a synonym of Lamellitettix gallinaceus (Stål, 1877) but of Lamellitettix acutus Hancock, 1904.

**COI-based species delimitation reveals the taxonomic status of two recently described Latrodectus species from Colombia (Araneae: Theridiidae)**

2026-07-06T13:15:46+12:00

The comb-footed spider genus Latrodectus Walckenaer, 1805 comprises some of the most medically important spider species due to the potent neurotoxic action of their venom. Despite this relevance, few studies have examined the distribution and presence of Latrodectus in Colombia. Recently, two new species were described from this country based on COI molecular data: Latrodectus hurtadoi Rueda & Realpe, 2021 and Latrodectus garbae Rueda & Realpe, 2021. However, these species lack consistent diagnostic morphological characters and exhibit genetic divergences of ~2%, a level commonly surpassed by intraspecific variation reported in other araneomorph spiders, raising doubts about their taxonomic validity. To assess their status, we reconstructed the phylogeny of Latrodectus using 329 COI sequences representing multiple species obtained from GenBank, including those used in the original descriptions. We applied tree-based (PTP and mPTP) and genetic-distance-based (ASAP) species delimitation methods. Our analyses suggest that L. hurtadoi is likely a valid species within the broader L. hesperus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1935 lineage, a widespread North American taxon that may itself represent a species complex. In contrast, L. garbae is genetically indistinguishable from the Argentine species L. corallinus Abalos, 1980. Therefore, we consider Latrodectus garbae a junior synonym of L. corallinus. These findings highlight the need for integrative taxonomic approaches to Colombian Latrodectus species, which will ultimately improve species identification and the clinical management of envenomation cases.

Three new Indo-West Pacific species of coral reef mantis shrimps (Stomatopoda: Gonodactylidae)

2026-07-06T13:18:03+12:00

Species of the family Gonodactylidae Giesbrecht, 1910 are the dominant mantis shrimps on tropical Indo-West Pacific coral reefs. Two species of Gonodactylellus Manning, 1995 and one new species of Gonodactylus Berthold, 1827 are formally documented as new to science. Gonodactylellus aor sp. nov. is described from off southern Peninsular Malaysia and most closely resembles Gonodactylellus erdmanni Ahyong, 2001 and G. incipiens (Lanchester, 1903) but is readily distinguished by the presence of the distinct knob of the telson, which is visible in dorsal view and protrudes slightly beyond the apex of the median carina. Gonodactylellus kirki sp. nov. from Tonga, a member of the G. molyneux group, is unique in the genus in the presence of rounded and bulbous dorsal projections at the base of the submedian and intermediate teeth of the telson, and unusual in lacking the fixed distoventral spine on the proximal article of the uropodal exopod (a condition otherwise feature known only in G. choprai (Manning, 1967)) and G. kandi Ahyong & Erdmann, 2007. More significantly, the unusual telson structure of G. kirki is the strikingly similar to that of members of Gonodactylopsis Manning, 1969 and Hoplosquilla Holthuis, 1964, particularly Gonodactylopsis komodoensis Erdmann & Manning, 1998 and Hoplosquilla said Erdmann & Manning, 1998; these shared similarities corroborate the contention that the G. molyneux group is probably more closely related to Gonodactylopsis and Hoplosquilla than to other members of Gonodactylellus. Gonodactylellus kirki is the only member of the G. molyneux group known to naturally occur on oceanic islands (one species introduced to Hawaii); all other members of the G. molyneux group are known from reef habitats along the continental margins. Gonodactylus roycaldwelli sp. nov., described from eastern Australia and the Coral Sea, most closely resembles Go. smithii Pocock, 1893, differing chiefly in the much more elongated accessory median carinae of the telson, and in its apparently strictly subtidal rather than intertidal and shallow subtidal occurrence. As a result of the present study, 28 species of Gonodactylellus and seven species of Gonodactylus are now recognised.

**A revision of Chinese Probolomyrmex Mayr, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Proceratiinae), with descriptions of two new species and a global key to species**

2026-07-06T13:19:15+12:00

Based on morphological evidence, the ant genus Probolomyrmex Mayr, 1901 in China is revised, indicating the presence of at least five confirmed species, with an additional taxon (P. longinodus Terayama & Ogata, 1988) requiring further clarification. In addition to the previously recorded P. dammermani Wheeler, 1928, P. longiscapus Xu & Zeng, 2000, and P. vieti Eguchi, 2006, two new species are described herein: P. bispinatus sp. nov. from Tibet and P. similis sp. nov. from Guangxi. The new species P. bispinatus sp. nov. is morphologically most similar to P. procne, but can be distinguished by the following combination of characters: (1) propodeal posterodorsal denticles sharper and spine-like; (2) posterodorsal corner of petiole in lateral view sharper and points posterodorsally (in P. procne points posteroventrally); and (3) in dorsal view, lateral margins of petiole slightly convex (not straight). The new species P. similis sp. nov. is morphologically most similar to P. longiscapus, but can be distinguished by the following combination of characters: (1) larger body size; (2) posterior head margin nearly straight; (3) propodeal declivity with bordered, straight or slightly curved dark lines laterally; and (4) petiole bearing a pair of broad and distinct teeth. A global identification key to Probolomyrmex species based on queen and worker morphology is provided.

**Redescription and range extension of Pareas dulongjiangensis Liu, Yang, Rao, Guo & Rao, 2023 (Squamata: Pareidae)**

2026-07-06T13:20:45+12:00

The Dulongjiang slug-eating snake Pareas dulongjiangensis was described based on a single preserved female specimen collected in Gongshan County, Nujiang Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China. Consequently, important aspects of its morphology, live coloration, sexual dimorphism, and geographic distribution have remained poorly understood. In this study, we report four additional specimens collected from Dulongjiang Township, Yunnan Province, China. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial DNA confirm that these specimens cluster with P. dulongjiangensis, showing minimal genetic divergence from the type specimen (uncorrected p-distance of 0.0–0.9% in the Cyt b gene). The newly available material allow us to refine the diagnosis of the species, provide a broader redescription, and document intraspecific variation, including previously unknown male specimens and hemipenial morphology. We also present the first photographs of the species in life. Re-examination of a specimen from Hkakabo Razi National Park, Kachin State, northern Myanmar, previously referred to as Pareas sp. by Vogel et al. (2021), indicates that it represents P. dulongjiangensis, thereby extending the known distribution of the species to Myanmar. In addition, we clarify an important diagnostic character by demonstrating that the species possesses a single prefrontal scale, correcting earlier reports of paired prefrontals. Our results highlight the importance of adequate sampling in taxonomic studies, as reliance on a single specimen may lead to misinterpretation of intraspecific variation. Further integrative studies with broader sampling are required to better resolve morphological variation and species boundaries within the Pareas hamptoni species group.

**Review of the endemic South American grassland leafhopper genus Agudus Oman (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Paralimnini)**

2026-07-06T13:22:17+12:00

The taxonomy and morphological diversity of the endemic South American cicadellid genus Agudus Oman are reviewed. Two new synonymies are proposed: A. amabilis Linnavuori & DeLong, 1978 equals A. blockeri Cheng, 1980, syn. nov.; A. typicus Oman, 1938 equals A. cyrtobrachium Cheng, 1980, syn. nov. Six new species are described and illustrated: A. clavistylus, A. cordifer, A. ellipticus, A. inesae, A. tenuistylus, and A. uncifer spp. nov. Previously described species of Agudus have the wings fully developed, or nearly so, but three of the new species have strongly reduced wings in both males and females and were only collected by vacuuming in pampas grasslands of northern Argentina. A key for identification of males of all 16 known species of the genus is provided.

**Revision of the genus Paraguelus Günther, 1939 (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae)**

2026-07-06T13:23:31+12:00

Four species of the genus Paraguelus Günther, 1939 are known from the Philippines (Palawan Island) and Malaysia (Borneo Island), of them P. sabahensis sp. nov., P. philippinensis sp. nov., and P. gorochovi sp. nov. are described and illustrated. A key to species of Paraguelus is provided. Based solely only morphology, the genera Paraguelus, Edentatettix Deng, 2025 and Tondanotettix C. Willemse, 1928 are tentatively transferred from subfamily Metrodorinae to Criotettiginae and genus Hainantettix Deng, 2020 is tentatively transferred from subfamily Cladonotinae to Criotettiginae. The position of these genera in the modern system of the family Tetrigidae is briefly discussed.

**The Issidae (Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoroidea) of the Dutch Caribbean, with the description of a new species of the genus Cheiloceps Uhler from Sint Eustatius**

2026-07-06T13:24:54+12:00

An ongoing study of the Auchenorrhyncha from the (former) Dutch Antilles revealed the presence of two species of the family Issidae, both from the Leeward Islands and belonging to the genus Cheiloceps Uhler, 1895. A new species, Cheiloceps statiensis sp. nov., is described from Sint Eustatius and another species, Cheiloceps laodice Fennah, 1955, is recorded from Saba for the first time.

**First voucher-based morphological documentation of Oligodon chinensis (Günther, 1888) (Squamata: Colubridae) from Laos, with updated distribution and conservation notes**

2026-07-06T13:26:30+12:00

**An atypical new species of the genus Macrocentrus Curtis, 1833 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from India**

2026-07-06T13:28:12+12:00