Abstract
Bertolonia has 35 taxa, all endemic to the Atlantic Forest, among which many are microendemic or have restricted distribution. The plants are herbaceous, with scorpioid inflorescences and obtriquetrous (bertolonidium-type) capsules. The state of Bahia is one of the major diversity centers of Bertolonia, with 15 species, from which 12 are endemic. We present here a taxonomic treatment for the genus in the state of Bahia, with identification key, complete descriptions, distribution maps and illustrations for all the 15 species, all based on herbarium specimens, collections made by the authors, online databases and literature. We also provide here a lectotypification for B. violacea. Within the Bahian Atlantic Rainforest Bertolonia is distributed in three vegetation subtypes: ten species occur in montane rainforests, six in lowland rainforests and one in cloud forests. Of the 15 species of Bertolonia that occur in Bahia, eight were classified as Critically Endangered (CR), four as Endangered (EN), one as Vulnerable (VU) and two as Least Concern (LC), according to IUCN criteria.
References
<p>Bacci, L.F., Amorim, A.M., Michelangeli, F.A. & Goldenberg, R. (2016a) A new species of <em>Bertolonia </em>(Melastomataceae) from southern Bahia, Brazil. <em>Phytotaxa </em>265 (3): 251–258. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.265.3.5</p>
<p>Bacci, L.F., Amorim, A.M. & Goldenberg, R. (2016b) Three new species of Bertolonia (Melastomataceae) from Espírito Santo, Brazil. <em>PeerJ</em> 4: 2–20. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2822</p>
<p>Bacci, L.F., Amorim, A.M. & Goldenberg, R. (2017) Flora do Espírito Santo: <em>Bertolonia </em>(Melastomataceae). <em>Rodriguésia </em>68 (5): 1663–1676. https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201768510</p>
<p>Bacci, L.F., Amorim, A.M., Michelangeli, F.A. & Goldenberg, R. (2018) Increased Sampling in Under-Collected Areas Sheds New Light on the Diversity and Distribution of <em>Bertolonia</em>, an Atlantic Forest Endemic Genus. <em>Systematic Botany </em>43 (3): 767–792. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364418X697490</p>
<p>Bacci, L.F., Iglesias, D.T. & Goldenberg, R. (2020) A new critically endangered species of <em>Bertolonia</em> (Melastomataceae, Bertolonieae) from Espírito Santo, Brazil. <em>Phytotaxa </em>460 (1): 89–96. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.460.1.5</p>
<p>Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A.W., De La Torre, J. & Scott, B. (2011) Supporting Red Listthreat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool. <em>ZooKeys </em>150: 117–126. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.2109</p>
<p>Basso-Alves, J.P. Goldenberg, R. & Teixeira, S.P. (2017) Ontogeny elucidates the doublecalyx of<em> Leandra melastomoides (Miconieae, Melastomataceae</em>). <em>International Journal of Plant Sciences</em> 178: 740–752. https://doi.org/10.1086/694079</p>
<p>Baumgratz, J.F.A. (1990) O gênero <em>Bertolonia </em>Raddi (Melastomataceae): revisão taxonômica e considerações anatômicas. <em>Arquivos do Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro—Série Botânica </em>30: 69–213.</p>
<p>Baumgratz, J.F.A., Amorim, A.M. & Jardim, A.B. (2011) Two new species of <em>Bertolonia </em>(Melastomataceae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. <em>Kew Bulletin </em>66: 273–279. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-011-9281-0</p>
<p>Baumgratz, J.F.A. (2020) <em>Bertolonia</em> <em>in</em> Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB9413 (Accessed 20 May 2021)</p>
<p>Bisewski, G.C.A., Bacci, L.F, Amorim, A.M.A. & Goldenberg, R. (2020) Novelties in <em>Bertolonia</em> (Melastomataceae) from northeastern Brazil. <em>Brazilian Journal of Botany </em>43 (3): 563–574. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-020-00630-7</p>
<p>Clausing, G. & Renner, S.S. (2001) Molecular phylogenetics of Melastomataceae and Memecylaceae: implications for character evolution. <em>American Journal of Botany </em>88: 486– 498. https://doi.org/10.2307/2657114</p>
<p>Cogniaux, A. (1886) <em>Bertolonia</em> (Melastomataceae). <em>In</em>: Martius, C.F.P., Eichler, A.G. & Urban, I. (Eds.) <em>Flora brasiliensis. </em>Vol. 14. Lipsiae Frid. Fleischer, Monachii. pp. 49–57.</p>
<p>Cogniaux, A. (1891) Melastomataceae. <em>In</em>: De Candolle, A. & De Candolle, C. (Eds.) <em>Monographiae Phanerogamarum</em> <em>prodromi, nunccontinuatio, nunc revisio</em>. Vol. 7. G. Masson, Paris. pp. 1–1256.</p>
<p>De Candolle, A.P. (1828) Melastomataceae. <em>In:</em> <em>Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis</em> 3. Sumptibus Sociorum Treuttel & Würtz, Paris, pp. 99–202.</p>
<p>Goldenberg, R. & Amorim, A.M. (2006) <em>Physeterostemon </em>(Melastomataceae): a new genus and two new species from the Bahia Atlantic Forest, Brazil. <em>Taxon </em>55: 965–972. https://doi.org/10.2307/25065690</p>
<p>Goldenberg, R., Guimarães, P.J.F., Kriebel, R. & Romero, R. (2009) Melastomataceae.<em> In: </em>Stehmann, J.R., Forzza, R.C., Salino, A., Sobral, M., Costa, D.P. & Kamino, L.H.Y. (eds.) <em>Plantas da floresta atlântica</em>. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro. pp. 330–343.</p>
<p>Goldenberg, R., Baumgratz, J.F.A. & Souza, M.L.D.R. (2012) Taxonomia de Melastomataceae no Brasil: retrospectiva, perspectivas e chave de identificação para os gêneros. <em>Rodriguésia </em>63: 145–161. https://doi.org/10.1590/S2175-78602012000100011</p>
<p>Goldenberg, R., Bacci, L.F. & Bochorny, T. (2016) <em>Behuria</em>, <em>Bertolonia</em>, <em>Cambessedesia</em>, <em>Huberia </em>e <em>Mouriri</em>, e chave para identificação de gêneros de Melastomataceae no Estado do Paraná. <em>Rodriguésia </em>67: 445–454. https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201667215</p>
<p>Goldenberg, R., Baumgratz, J.F.A., Michelangeli, F.A., Guimarães, P.J.F., Romero, R., Versiane, A.F.A., Fidanza, K., Völtz, R.R., Silva, D.N., Lima, L.F.G., Silva-Gonçalves, K.C., Bacci, L.F., Fontelas, J.C., Pacifico, R., Brito, E.S., Rocha, M.J.R., Caddah, M.K., Meirelles, J., Rosa, P., Ferreira-Alves, R., Santos, A.K.A., Moreira, K.V.C., Reginato, M., Oliveira, L.F.A., Freire-Fierro, A., Amorim, A.M.A., Martins, A.B., Koschnitzke, C., Almeda, F., Jesus, J.C., Hinoshita, L.K.R. & Kriebel, R. (2020) Melastomataceae in Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: https://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB161 (Accessed 13 June 2021)</p>
<p>Gray, A.M.D. (1854) Botany Phanerogamia Part I.<em> In: United States exploring expedition during the years 1838–1842.</em> Vol. XV. C. Sherman, Philadelphia, pp. 1–777.</p>
<p>Hickey, M. & King, C. (2002) <em>The Cambridge Illustrated Glossary of Botanical Terms</em>. Department of Biology, New York University, New York, 205 pp.</p>
<p>IBGE—Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (2012a) <em>Cidades. </em>Available from: https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/ba/panorama (accessed 15 January 2019)</p>
<p>IBGE—Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (2012b) <em>Manual Técnico da Vegetação Brasileira</em>. IBGE, Rio de Janeiro, 272 pp.</p>
<p>IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee (2017) <em>Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. </em>Version 13 (March 2017). Prepared by the IUCN species survival commission. IUCN Council, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, 108 pp. Available from: http://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/RedList Guidelines.pdf (Accessed 9 February 2019)</p>
<p>Kuhlmann, J.G. (1935) Novo gênero de Melastomataceae. <em>Arquivos do Instituto de Biologia Vegetal do Rio de Janeiro</em> 1: 231–233.</p>
<p>Michelangeli, F., Almeda, F., Goldenberg, R. & Penneys, D. (2020) A Guide to Curating New World Melastomataceae Collections with a Linear Generic Sequence to World-Wide Melastomataceae. <em>Preprints</em> 2020: 2020100203. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202010.0203.v1</p>
<p>Naudin, C. (1844) Additions à la flore du Brésil méridional. Description de genres nouveaux, et rectification de quelques anciens genres appartenant à la famille des Mélastomacées. <em>Annales des Sciences Naturelles</em>, Botanique, Série 3 (2): 140–156.</p>
<p>Naudin, C.V. (1848) Annales des Sciences Naturelles; Botanique,<em> Revue Horticolesér</em> 3 (2): 381–385.</p>
<p>Naudin, C.V. (1851) Melastomacearum monographicae descriptionis. <em>Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique</em>, série 3, 15: 276–345.</p>
<p>Pizo, M.A. & Morellato, L.P. (2002) A new rain-operated seed dispersion mechanism in <em>Bertolonia mosenii </em>(Melastomataceae), a Neotropical rainforest herb. <em>American Journal of Botany </em>89: 169–171. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.89.1.169</p>
<p>QGIS Development Team (2018) <em>QGIS Geographic Information System. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project</em>. Availale from: http://www.qgis.org/ (Accessed 26 June 2018)</p>
<p>Raddi, G. (1820) Quaranta piante nuove del Brasile. <em>Memoria di Matematica e Fisica della Societa Italiana Del Scienze residente in Modena</em> 18: 384–414.</p>
<p>Radford, A.E., Dickison, W.C., Massey, J.R. & Bell, C.R. (1976) <em>Vascular Plant Systematics</em>, Harper and Row, New York. Available from: http://www.ibiblio.org/botnet/glossary/ (Accessed 20 May 2018)</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2019) <em>Index herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. </em>New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (Accessed 15 August 2019)</p>
<p>Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (2018)<em> International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code).</em> Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten, 201 pp. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018</p>
<p>Veloso, H.P., Rangel Filho, A.L.R. & Lima, J.C.A. (1991) <em>Classificação da Vegetação Brasileira, adaptada a um Sistema Universal</em>. Rio de Janeiro, IBGE, 124 pp.</p>
<p>Bacci, L.F., Amorim, A.M. & Goldenberg, R. (2016b) Three new species of Bertolonia (Melastomataceae) from Espírito Santo, Brazil. <em>PeerJ</em> 4: 2–20. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2822</p>
<p>Bacci, L.F., Amorim, A.M. & Goldenberg, R. (2017) Flora do Espírito Santo: <em>Bertolonia </em>(Melastomataceae). <em>Rodriguésia </em>68 (5): 1663–1676. https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201768510</p>
<p>Bacci, L.F., Amorim, A.M., Michelangeli, F.A. & Goldenberg, R. (2018) Increased Sampling in Under-Collected Areas Sheds New Light on the Diversity and Distribution of <em>Bertolonia</em>, an Atlantic Forest Endemic Genus. <em>Systematic Botany </em>43 (3): 767–792. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364418X697490</p>
<p>Bacci, L.F., Iglesias, D.T. & Goldenberg, R. (2020) A new critically endangered species of <em>Bertolonia</em> (Melastomataceae, Bertolonieae) from Espírito Santo, Brazil. <em>Phytotaxa </em>460 (1): 89–96. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.460.1.5</p>
<p>Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A.W., De La Torre, J. & Scott, B. (2011) Supporting Red Listthreat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool. <em>ZooKeys </em>150: 117–126. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.2109</p>
<p>Basso-Alves, J.P. Goldenberg, R. & Teixeira, S.P. (2017) Ontogeny elucidates the doublecalyx of<em> Leandra melastomoides (Miconieae, Melastomataceae</em>). <em>International Journal of Plant Sciences</em> 178: 740–752. https://doi.org/10.1086/694079</p>
<p>Baumgratz, J.F.A. (1990) O gênero <em>Bertolonia </em>Raddi (Melastomataceae): revisão taxonômica e considerações anatômicas. <em>Arquivos do Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro—Série Botânica </em>30: 69–213.</p>
<p>Baumgratz, J.F.A., Amorim, A.M. & Jardim, A.B. (2011) Two new species of <em>Bertolonia </em>(Melastomataceae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. <em>Kew Bulletin </em>66: 273–279. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-011-9281-0</p>
<p>Baumgratz, J.F.A. (2020) <em>Bertolonia</em> <em>in</em> Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB9413 (Accessed 20 May 2021)</p>
<p>Bisewski, G.C.A., Bacci, L.F, Amorim, A.M.A. & Goldenberg, R. (2020) Novelties in <em>Bertolonia</em> (Melastomataceae) from northeastern Brazil. <em>Brazilian Journal of Botany </em>43 (3): 563–574. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-020-00630-7</p>
<p>Clausing, G. & Renner, S.S. (2001) Molecular phylogenetics of Melastomataceae and Memecylaceae: implications for character evolution. <em>American Journal of Botany </em>88: 486– 498. https://doi.org/10.2307/2657114</p>
<p>Cogniaux, A. (1886) <em>Bertolonia</em> (Melastomataceae). <em>In</em>: Martius, C.F.P., Eichler, A.G. & Urban, I. (Eds.) <em>Flora brasiliensis. </em>Vol. 14. Lipsiae Frid. Fleischer, Monachii. pp. 49–57.</p>
<p>Cogniaux, A. (1891) Melastomataceae. <em>In</em>: De Candolle, A. & De Candolle, C. (Eds.) <em>Monographiae Phanerogamarum</em> <em>prodromi, nunccontinuatio, nunc revisio</em>. Vol. 7. G. Masson, Paris. pp. 1–1256.</p>
<p>De Candolle, A.P. (1828) Melastomataceae. <em>In:</em> <em>Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis</em> 3. Sumptibus Sociorum Treuttel & Würtz, Paris, pp. 99–202.</p>
<p>Goldenberg, R. & Amorim, A.M. (2006) <em>Physeterostemon </em>(Melastomataceae): a new genus and two new species from the Bahia Atlantic Forest, Brazil. <em>Taxon </em>55: 965–972. https://doi.org/10.2307/25065690</p>
<p>Goldenberg, R., Guimarães, P.J.F., Kriebel, R. & Romero, R. (2009) Melastomataceae.<em> In: </em>Stehmann, J.R., Forzza, R.C., Salino, A., Sobral, M., Costa, D.P. & Kamino, L.H.Y. (eds.) <em>Plantas da floresta atlântica</em>. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro. pp. 330–343.</p>
<p>Goldenberg, R., Baumgratz, J.F.A. & Souza, M.L.D.R. (2012) Taxonomia de Melastomataceae no Brasil: retrospectiva, perspectivas e chave de identificação para os gêneros. <em>Rodriguésia </em>63: 145–161. https://doi.org/10.1590/S2175-78602012000100011</p>
<p>Goldenberg, R., Bacci, L.F. & Bochorny, T. (2016) <em>Behuria</em>, <em>Bertolonia</em>, <em>Cambessedesia</em>, <em>Huberia </em>e <em>Mouriri</em>, e chave para identificação de gêneros de Melastomataceae no Estado do Paraná. <em>Rodriguésia </em>67: 445–454. https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201667215</p>
<p>Goldenberg, R., Baumgratz, J.F.A., Michelangeli, F.A., Guimarães, P.J.F., Romero, R., Versiane, A.F.A., Fidanza, K., Völtz, R.R., Silva, D.N., Lima, L.F.G., Silva-Gonçalves, K.C., Bacci, L.F., Fontelas, J.C., Pacifico, R., Brito, E.S., Rocha, M.J.R., Caddah, M.K., Meirelles, J., Rosa, P., Ferreira-Alves, R., Santos, A.K.A., Moreira, K.V.C., Reginato, M., Oliveira, L.F.A., Freire-Fierro, A., Amorim, A.M.A., Martins, A.B., Koschnitzke, C., Almeda, F., Jesus, J.C., Hinoshita, L.K.R. & Kriebel, R. (2020) Melastomataceae in Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: https://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB161 (Accessed 13 June 2021)</p>
<p>Gray, A.M.D. (1854) Botany Phanerogamia Part I.<em> In: United States exploring expedition during the years 1838–1842.</em> Vol. XV. C. Sherman, Philadelphia, pp. 1–777.</p>
<p>Hickey, M. & King, C. (2002) <em>The Cambridge Illustrated Glossary of Botanical Terms</em>. Department of Biology, New York University, New York, 205 pp.</p>
<p>IBGE—Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (2012a) <em>Cidades. </em>Available from: https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/ba/panorama (accessed 15 January 2019)</p>
<p>IBGE—Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (2012b) <em>Manual Técnico da Vegetação Brasileira</em>. IBGE, Rio de Janeiro, 272 pp.</p>
<p>IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee (2017) <em>Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. </em>Version 13 (March 2017). Prepared by the IUCN species survival commission. IUCN Council, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, 108 pp. Available from: http://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/RedList Guidelines.pdf (Accessed 9 February 2019)</p>
<p>Kuhlmann, J.G. (1935) Novo gênero de Melastomataceae. <em>Arquivos do Instituto de Biologia Vegetal do Rio de Janeiro</em> 1: 231–233.</p>
<p>Michelangeli, F., Almeda, F., Goldenberg, R. & Penneys, D. (2020) A Guide to Curating New World Melastomataceae Collections with a Linear Generic Sequence to World-Wide Melastomataceae. <em>Preprints</em> 2020: 2020100203. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202010.0203.v1</p>
<p>Naudin, C. (1844) Additions à la flore du Brésil méridional. Description de genres nouveaux, et rectification de quelques anciens genres appartenant à la famille des Mélastomacées. <em>Annales des Sciences Naturelles</em>, Botanique, Série 3 (2): 140–156.</p>
<p>Naudin, C.V. (1848) Annales des Sciences Naturelles; Botanique,<em> Revue Horticolesér</em> 3 (2): 381–385.</p>
<p>Naudin, C.V. (1851) Melastomacearum monographicae descriptionis. <em>Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique</em>, série 3, 15: 276–345.</p>
<p>Pizo, M.A. & Morellato, L.P. (2002) A new rain-operated seed dispersion mechanism in <em>Bertolonia mosenii </em>(Melastomataceae), a Neotropical rainforest herb. <em>American Journal of Botany </em>89: 169–171. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.89.1.169</p>
<p>QGIS Development Team (2018) <em>QGIS Geographic Information System. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project</em>. Availale from: http://www.qgis.org/ (Accessed 26 June 2018)</p>
<p>Raddi, G. (1820) Quaranta piante nuove del Brasile. <em>Memoria di Matematica e Fisica della Societa Italiana Del Scienze residente in Modena</em> 18: 384–414.</p>
<p>Radford, A.E., Dickison, W.C., Massey, J.R. & Bell, C.R. (1976) <em>Vascular Plant Systematics</em>, Harper and Row, New York. Available from: http://www.ibiblio.org/botnet/glossary/ (Accessed 20 May 2018)</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2019) <em>Index herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. </em>New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (Accessed 15 August 2019)</p>
<p>Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (2018)<em> International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code).</em> Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten, 201 pp. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018</p>
<p>Veloso, H.P., Rangel Filho, A.L.R. & Lima, J.C.A. (1991) <em>Classificação da Vegetação Brasileira, adaptada a um Sistema Universal</em>. Rio de Janeiro, IBGE, 124 pp.</p>