Abstract
Taraxacum schroeterianum Hand.-Mazz. was published to cover distinctive red-fruited slender West Alpine plants with appressed outer phyllaries; it traditionally included T. rhodocarpum Dahlst. as a synonym. A separate section, T. sect. Rhodocarpa van Soest was even erected; its type is T. rhodocarpum on the basis of Art. 10.8 of the ICN. We present a detailed evidence for the separate status of T. schroeterianum and T. rhodocarpum. They differ in a series of morphological features and in the chromosome number. While the former represents a rather isolated taxon, the latter is close to the group of T. reophilum van Soest, the type of T. sect. Alpestria (van Soest) van Soest. Taraxacum sect. Rhodocarpa is therefore considered as the correct name for T. sect. Alpestria. The names T. schroeterianum and T. rhodocarpum are typified, and both these species together with T. sect. Rhodocarpa are supplemented with full descriptions. The name T. sagii Sonck was reassessed and synonymized with T. schroeterianum.
References
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<p>Tausch, I.F. (1821) Beschreibungen neuer Pflanzen aus dem Riesengebirge. <em>Flora oder Botanische Zeitung</em> 4 (2): 557–570.</p>
<p>Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (eds.) (2018) <em>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code)</em> [...]. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018</p>
<p>Uhlemann, I. (2015) Forschritte in der Erforschung der Gattung Taraxacum in Deutschland. <em>Kochia</em> 9: 1–35.</p>
<p>van Soest, J.L. (1954) Sur quelques Taraxaca d’Espagne. <em>Collectanea Botanica</em> 4: 1–32.</p>
<p>van Soest, J.L. (1959) Alpine species of Taraxacum. <em>Acta Botanica Neerlandica</em> 8: 77–138. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.1959.tb00013.x</p>
<p>van Soest (1966a) New Taraxacum-species from Europe I, II. <em>Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Academie van Wetenschappen</em>, series C 69: 432–446 & 447–463.</p>
<p>van Soest, J.L. (1966b) Taraxacum lanjouwii v. Soest, a new species from Switzerland<strong>. </strong><em>Acta Botanica Neerlandica</em> 15: 34–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.1966.tb00208.x</p>
<p>van Soest, J.L. (1969) Die Taraxacum-Arten der Schweiz. <em>Veröffentlichungen des Geobotanischen Institutes der Eidg. Techn. Hochschule, Stiftung Rübel, in Zürich</em> 42: 5–247.</p>
<p>Dahlstedt, H. (1907) Ueber einige im Bergianschen botanischen Garten in Stockholm kultivierte Taraxaca. <em>Acta Horti Bergiani </em>4: [1]–31, plate I, II.</p>
<p>Dahlstedt, H. (1921) De svenska arterna av släktet Taraxacum. I. Erythrosperma, II. Obliqua. <em>Acta Florae Sueciae</em> 1: 1–160.</p>
<p>Dahlstedt, H. (1933) Einige neue Taraxacum-Arten aus der Schweiz. <em>Berichte der Schweizerischen Botanischen Gesellschaft</em> 42: 718–723.</p>
<p>Fiori, A. (1928) <em>Nuova flora analitica d’Italia</em>, vol. 2 (6). M. Ricci, Firenze, pp. 801–944.</p>
<p>Gustafsson, A. (1932) Zytologische und experimentelle Studien in der Gattung Taraxacum. <em>Hereditas</em> 16: 41–62. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1932.tb02561.x</p>
<p>Handel-Mazzetti, H. (1923) Nachträge zur Monographie der Gattung Taraxacum. <em>Österreichische Botanische Zeitschrift </em>72: 254–275. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01660056</p>
<p>Handel-Mazzetti, H. (1905) Ein neues Taraxacum aus den Westalpen. <em>Österreichische Botanische Zeitschrift </em>55: 460–462. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01790735</p>
<p>Hegi, G. (1928) <em>Illustrierte Flora von Mittel-Europa</em>, vol. 6 (2). J. F. Lehmann, München, pp. 545–1386.</p>
<p>Hou-Liu, S.Y. [& van Soest, J.L.] (1963) The chromosome counts of some Taraxacum species. <em>Acta Botanica Neerlandica</em> 12: 76–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.1963.tb00108.x</p>
<p>Kirschner, J., Štěpánek, J. & Greuter, W. (2008) Taraxacum F. H. Wigg. <em>In:</em> Greuter, W., <em>Med-Checklist 2, Dicotyledones (Compositae).</em> OPTIMA, Palermo, Med-Checklist Trust, Geneve & Euro+Med Plantbase Secretariat, Berlin, pp. 739–775.</p>
<p>Štěpánek, J. & Kirschner, J. (2022) A hotspot of endemism: Oreophytic Taraxacum species (Compositae, Crepidinae) in the mountains of Bulgaria. <em>Phytotaxa</em> [submitted].</p>
<p>Štěpánek, J., Kirschner, J., Jarolímová, V. & Kirschnerová, L. (2011) Taraxacum nigricans, T. alpestre and allies in the Taraxacum sect. Alpestria: taxonomy, geography and conservation status. <em>Preslia</em> 83: 537–564.</p>
<p>Krahulcová, A. (1993): New chromosome numbers in Taraxacum with reference to SAT-chromosomes. <em>Folia Geobotanica Phytotaxonomica</em> 28: 289–294. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02853516</p>
<p>Lindberg, H. (1908) Taraxacum-former från södra och mellersta Finland. <em>Acta Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica</em> 29 (9): 1–48. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5537493#page/295/mode/1up]</p>
<p>Reichenbach, H.G.L. (1831) <em>Flora germanica excursoria</em>, vol. 1 (3). Carolum Cnobloch, Lipsiae, pp. 185–434.</p>
<p>Schinz, H. & Keller, R. (1909) <em>Flora der Schweiz. I. Teil. Exkursionsflora</em>, Ed. 3. Albert Raustein, Zürich, 648 pp.</p>
<p>Schinz, H. & Keller, R. (1923) <em>Flora der Schweiz</em>, <em>1. Teil: Exkursionsflora</em>, Ed. 4. Albert Raustein, Zürich, 792 pp.</p>
<p>Schultes, J.A. (1814) <em>Österreichs Flora</em>, ed. 2, vol. 2. C. Schaumber & Comp., Wien, 244 pp.</p>
<p>Sonck, C.E. (1990) Taraxacum sagii (sect. Palustria), espèce nouvelle de France. <em>Annales Botanici Fennici</em> 27: 39–41.</p>
<p>Tausch, I.F. (1821) Beschreibungen neuer Pflanzen aus dem Riesengebirge. <em>Flora oder Botanische Zeitung</em> 4 (2): 557–570.</p>
<p>Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (eds.) (2018) <em>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code)</em> [...]. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018</p>
<p>Uhlemann, I. (2015) Forschritte in der Erforschung der Gattung Taraxacum in Deutschland. <em>Kochia</em> 9: 1–35.</p>
<p>van Soest, J.L. (1954) Sur quelques Taraxaca d’Espagne. <em>Collectanea Botanica</em> 4: 1–32.</p>
<p>van Soest, J.L. (1959) Alpine species of Taraxacum. <em>Acta Botanica Neerlandica</em> 8: 77–138. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.1959.tb00013.x</p>
<p>van Soest (1966a) New Taraxacum-species from Europe I, II. <em>Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Academie van Wetenschappen</em>, series C 69: 432–446 & 447–463.</p>
<p>van Soest, J.L. (1966b) Taraxacum lanjouwii v. Soest, a new species from Switzerland<strong>. </strong><em>Acta Botanica Neerlandica</em> 15: 34–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.1966.tb00208.x</p>
<p>van Soest, J.L. (1969) Die Taraxacum-Arten der Schweiz. <em>Veröffentlichungen des Geobotanischen Institutes der Eidg. Techn. Hochschule, Stiftung Rübel, in Zürich</em> 42: 5–247.</p>