Abstract
Two new species of the genus Lactarius from India, Lactarius indoevosmus (L. subg. Lactarius) and L. kanadii (L. subg. Plinthogalus) are presented with detailed descriptions, line drawings, photomicrographs, and comparisons with related species. The novelty and placement of these taxa within the genus Lactarius are confirmed with an ITS-based phylogeny.
References
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<p>Clark, K., Karsch-Mizrachi, I., Lipman, D.J., Ostell, J. & Sayers, E.W. (2016) GenBank. (Database issue): D67–D72. <em>Nucleic</em> <em>acids</em> <em>research</em> 44 (1). https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkv1276</p>
<p>Das, K. & Sharma, J.R. (2004) <em>Lactarius</em> in Kumaon Himlayas 2: New and interesting species of <em>Plinthogali</em>.<em> Mycotaxon </em>89: 289–296.</p>
<p>Das, K. & Sharma, J.R. (2005) <em>Russulaceae of Kumaon Himalaya.</em> Botanical Survey of India, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India, Kolkata.</p>
<p>Das, K., Bera, I. & Ghosh, A. (2020) <em>Lactarius</em> <em>brunneoaurantiacus</em> sp. nov. and <em>L</em>. <em>indoscrobiculatus</em> sp. nov. from India. <em>Nordic Journal of Botany</em> 38 (11): e02940. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.02940</p>
<p>Das, K., Verbeken, A., Chakraborty, D., Avchar, R. & Baghela, A. (2017) Morphological and phylogenetic evidence for two new <em>Lactarius</em> (Russulales, Basidiomycota) species from India. <em>Cryptogamie Mycologie</em> 38: 453–467. https://doi.org/10.7872/crym/v38.iss4.2017.453</p>
<p>De Crop, E., Nuytinck, J., Van de Putte, K., Wisitrassameewong, K., Hackel, J., Stubbe, D., Hyde, K.D., Roy, M., Halling, R.E., Moreau, P.A., Eberhardt, U. & Verbeken, A. (2016) A multi-gene phylogeny of <em>Lactifluus</em> (Basidiomycota, Russulales) translated into a new infrageneric classification of the genus. <em>Persoonia</em> 38: 58–80. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158517X693255</p>
<p>De Crop, E, Nuytinck, J., Van de Putte, K., Wisitrassameewong, K., Hackel, J., Stubbe, D., Hyde, K.D., Roy, M., Halling, R.E. & Moreau, P.A. (2017) A multi-gene phylogeny of <em>Lactifluus</em> (Basidiomycota, Russulales) translated into a new infrageneric classification of the genus. <em>Persoonia: Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi</em> 38: 58. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158517X693255</p>
<p>Edler, D., Klein, J., Antonelli, A. & Silvestro, D. (2019) raxmlG UI 2.0 beta: a graphical interface and toolkit for phylogenetic analyses using RAxML. <em>bioRxiv</em>. https://doi. org/10.1101/800912</p>
<p>Fries, E.M. (1838) <em>Epicrisis systematis mycologici</em>. Upsaliae.</p>
<p>Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. <em>Nucleic</em> <em>Acid</em> <em>Symposium</em> <em>Series </em>41: 95–98. https://doi. org/10.14601/Phytopathol_Mediterr-14998u1.29</p>
<p>Hall, B.G. (2004) <em>Phylogenetic trees made easy: a how-to manual</em>, 2<sup>nd</sup> ed. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland.</p>
<p>He, M.Q., Zhao, R.L., Hyde, K.D., Begerow, D., Kemler, M., Yurkov, A., McKenzie, E.H.C., Raspé, O., Kakishima, M., Ramírez, S.S., Vellinga, E.C., Halling, R., Papp, V., Zmitrovich, I.V., Buyck, B., Ertz, D., Wijayawardene, N.N., Cui, B.K., Schoutteten, N., Liu, X.Z., Li, T.H., Yao, Y.J., Zhu, X.Y., Liu, A.Q., Li, G.J., Zhang, M.Z., Ling, Z.L., Cao, B., Antonín, V., Boekhout, T., Silva, B.D.B.d., Crop, E.D., Decock, C., Dima, B., Dutta, A.K., Fell, J.W., Geml, J., Nejhad, M.G., Giachini, A.J., Gibertoni, T.B., Gorjón, S.P., Haelewaters, D., He, S.H., Hodkinson, B.P., Horak, E., Hoshino, T., Justo, A., Lim, Y.W., Menolli, N., Mešić, A., Moncalvo, J.M., Mueller, G.M., Nagy, L.G., Nilsson, R.H., Noordeloos, M., Nuytinck, J., Orihara, T., Ratchadawan, C., Rajchenberg, M., Silva-Filho, A.G.S., Sulzbacher, M.A., Tkalčec, Z., Valenzuela, R., Verbeken, A., Vizzini, A., Wartchow, F., Zheng, W.T., Weiß, M., Zhao, C.L. & Kirk, P.M. (2019) Notes, outline and divergence times of Basidiomycota. <em>Fungal</em> <em>Diversity</em> 99: 105–367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-019-00435-4</p>
<p>Heilmann-Clausen, J., Verbeken, A. & Vesterholt, J. (1998) The genus <em>Lactarius</em>. <em>Fungi</em> o<em>f Northern</em> <em>Europe</em> 2: 287.</p>
<p>Hesler, L.R & Smith, A.H (1979) <em>North American species of Lactarius. </em>University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor. USA.</p>
<p>Katoh K & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software ver. 7: improvement in performance and usability. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution</em> 30: 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010</p>
<p>Kuntze. (1891) Revis. gen. pl. (Leipzig) 2: 857.</p>
<p>Kühner, R. & Romagnesi, H. (1953) Complements a la “flore analytique”. II. Especes nouvelles ou critiques de <em>Lactarius</em>. <em>Bulletin trimestriel de la Société mycologique de France</em> 69: 361–388.</p>
<p>Kornerup, A. & Wanscher, J.H. (1978) <em>Methuen Handbook of Colour</em>, 3rd edn. Eyre Methuen Ltd., London, U.K. pp. 252.</p>
<p>Larget, B. & Simon, D.L. (1999) Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms for the Bayesian analysis of phylogenetic trees. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution </em>16: 750–759. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026160</p>
<p>Largent, D., Johnson, D. & Watling, R. (1977) <em>How to identify mushrooms to genus III: microscopic features.</em> Mad River Press Inc., Eureka,California. pp. 122.</p>
<p>Le, H.T., Stubbe, D., Verbeken, A., Nuytinck, J., Lumyong, S. & Desjardin, D.E. (2007) <em>Lactarius</em> in Northern Thailand: 2. <em>Lactarius</em> subgenus <em>Plinthogali</em>. <em>Fungal Diversity </em>27: 61–94.</p>
<p>Lee, H., Park, M.S., Jung, P.E., Jonathan, J.F., Oh, S.-Y., Verbeken, A. & Lim, Y.W. (2015) <em>Lactarius</em> <em>cucurbitoides</em> (Russulales, Basidiomycota), a new species from South Korea supported by molecular and morphological data. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 205 (3): 168–176. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.205.3.4</p>
<p>Lee, H., Park, J.Y., Wisitrassameewong, K., Kim, M.J., Park, M.S., Kim, N.K., Lee, J.K. & Lim, Y.W. (2018) First Report of Eight Milkcap Species Belonging to <em>Lactarius </em>and <em>Lactifluus </em>in Korea. <em>Mycobiology </em>46 (1): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/12298093.2018.1454012</p>
<p>Paloi, S. & Acharya, K. (2019) A new species of <em>Lactarius</em> (<em>Russulaceae</em>) from dry deciduous forest of West Bengal, India. <em>Nova Hedwigia</em> 108 (1–2): 207–216. https://doi.org/10.1127/nova_hedwigia/2018/0505</p>
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