Abstract
The Southern and Southeastern regions of Brazil present the highest species richness of Sisyrinchium, and the taxa are mainly distributed in the Atlantic Forest Biome. Here, three new species belonging to Sisyrinchium sect. Viperella from this biome are described: S. caratuvense is endemic to the high altitude grasslands of eastern Paraná, S. usneoides is endemic to the campo rupestre phytophysiognomy in southern Minas Gerais, and S. iguazuanum has a wider distribution, occurring in the grasslands of western Santa Catarina and Paraná (Brazil), and eastern Misiones (Argentina). Descriptions, illustrations, comparisons to related taxa and conservation status are provided.
References
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<p>Carvalho, C.I. (Coord.) (2019) <em>Plano de Manejo da Área de Proteção Ambiental Boqueirão da Mira</em>. Santa Rita de Jacutinga, Minas Gerais. 720 pp. Available from: http://www.srjacutinga.mg.gov.br/documentos/PLANO_APA_BM_FINAL_II.pdf (accessed 15 June 2021)</p>
<p>Chauveau, O., Eggers, L., Raquin, C., Silvério, A., Brown, S., Couloux, A., Cruaud, C., Kaltchuk-Santos, E., Yockteng, R., Souza-Chies, T.T. & Nadot, S. (2011) Evolution of oil producing trichomes in <em>Sisyrinchium </em>(Iridaceae): insights from the first comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the genus. <em>Annals of Botany (Oxford) </em>107: 1287–1312. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcr080</p>
<p>Chukr, N.S. & Capellari Jr., L. (2003) Iridaceae.<em> In: </em>Wanderley, M.G.L., Sheperd, G.J., Melhem, T.S., Giulietti, A.M. & Kirizawa, M. (Eds.) <em>Flora Fanerogâmica do Estado de São Paulo</em>, vol. 3. FAPESP/RiMa, São Paulo, pp. 127–147.</p>
<p>Dauby, G., Stévart, T., Droissart, V., Cosiaux, A., Deblauwe, V., Simo-Droissart, M., Sosef, M.S.M., Lowry II, P.P., Schatz, G.E., Gereau, R.E. & Couvreur, T.L.P. (2017) ConR: An R package to assist large-scale multispecies preliminary conservation assessments using distribution data. <em>Ecology and Evolution</em> 7 (24): 11292–11303. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3704</p>
<p>Eggers, L. & Inácio, C.D. (2020) <em>Sisyrinchium.</em> <em>In: Flora do Brasil 2020. </em>Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB8066 (accessed 28 June 2021).</p>
<p>Goldblatt, P., Rudall, P. & Henrich, J.E. (1990) The genera of the <em>Sisyrinchium </em>alliance (Iridaceae: Iridoideae): Phylogeny and relationships. <em>Systematic Botany </em>15: 497–510. https://doi.org/10.2307/2419365</p>
<p>Goldblatt, P. & Manning, J.C. (2008) <em>The Iris Family: natural history and classification. </em>Timber Press, Portland, 290 pp.</p>
<p>Heiden, G. & Ribas, O.S. (2012) <em>Baccharis umbellata </em>(Asteraceae, Astereae): a new species endemic to the highest summits of Paraná, Southern Brazil. <em>Phytotaxa </em>49: 23–28. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.49.1.3</p>
<p>IBGE (2019) <em>Biomas e Sistema Costeiro-Marinho do Brasil. </em>Available from: https://www.ibge.gov.br/geociencias/cartas-e-mapas/informacoes-ambientais/15842-biomas.html?=&t=downloads (accessed 8 June 2021)</p>
<p>Inácio, C.D., Chauveau, O., Souza-Chies, T.T., Sauquet, H. & Eggers, L. (2017) An updated phylogeny and infrageneric classification of the genus <em>Sisyrinchium </em>(Iridaceae): challenges of molecular and morphological evidence. <em>Taxon </em>66 (6): 1317–1348. https://doi.org/10.12705/666.4</p>
<p>IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee (2019) <em>Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.</em> Version 14. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf (accessed 9 June 2021)</p>
<p>Karst, L. & Wilson, C.A. (2012) Phylogeny of the New World genus <em>Sisyrinchium </em>(Iridaceae) based on analyses of plastid and nuclear DNA sequence data. <em>Systematic Botany </em>37: 87–95. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364412X616666</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species plantarum</em>, vol. 2. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm]. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.669</p>
<p>Morales, M., Ribas, O.S. & Santos-Silva, J. (2012) A new polyploid species of <em>Mimosa </em>(Leguminosae, Mimosoideae) from the Highlands of Southern Brazil. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 37 (2): 399–403. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364412X635458</p>
<p>Myers, N., Mittermeier, R., Mittermeier, C., Fonseca, G.A.B & Kent, J. (2000) Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. <em>Nature</em> 403: 853–858. https://doi.org/10.1038/35002501</p>
<p>Ravenna, P. (1981) Revisional studies in the genus <em>Sisyrinchium</em> – I. <em>Wrightia</em> 7 (1): 4.</p>
<p>Ravenna, P. (2000) Revisional studies in the genus <em>Sisyrinchium </em>(Iridaceae) VI. <em>Onira </em>5 (4): 13–19.</p>
<p>Ravenna, P. (2002) Revisional studies in the genus <em>Sisyrinchium </em>(Iridaceae) IX. <em>Onira </em>7 (6): 20–41.</p>
<p>Salisbury, R.A. (1812) On the cultivation of rare plants, especially such as have been introduced since the death of Mr. Philip Miller. <em>Transactions of the Horticultural Society of London</em> 1: 261–366.</p>
<p>Sprengel, C. (1824) <em>Linnaeus Systema Vegetabilium</em>. 16 ed. Dietrich, Gottingen, 992 pp.</p>
<p>Steudel, E.G. von (1841) <em>Nomenclator Botanicus</em>, 2 ed. Pars 2. Typus et Sumptibus J.G. Cottae, Stutgartiae et Tubingae, pp. 596.</p>
<p>Vellozo, J.M.C. (1829 “1825”) <em>Florae fluminensis, seu, Descriptionum plantarum praefectura fluminensi sponte nascentium. </em>Vol. 7. Rio de Janeiro: Typographia Nationali, pp. 273.</p>