Abstract
Cosmianthemum melinhensis, a new species of Acanthaceae is described and illustrated from northern Vietnam. It is morphologically allied to C. guangxiense, C. knoxiifolium, and C. viriduliflorum but differs in the habit, shape and trichomes of the leaves, stem, bracts, bracteole, corolla and fruits. This species is assessed as “Vulnerable” (VU) according to IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.
References
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<p>IUCN (2012) <em>IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. </em>Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iv + 32 pp.</p>
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<p>Kiel, C.A., Daniel, T.F., Darbyshire, I. & McDade, L.A. (2017) Unravelling relationships in the morphologically diverse and taxonomically challenging “justicioid” lineage (Acanthaceae: Justicieae). <em>Taxon</em> 66 (3): 645–674. https://doi.org/10.12705/663.8</p>
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<p>Lien, T.K. (2005) Acanthaceae. <em>In:</em> Ban, N.T. (Ed.) <em>Checklist of plant species of Vietnam </em>3. Agricultural Publishing House, Hanoi. pp. 251−281.</p>
<p>Lin, Z.L., Hai, D.V., Hu, X.Y. & Deng, Y.F. (2020) <em>Rhinacanthus spiciformis</em>, a new species of Acanthaceae from northern Vietnam. <em>Nordic Journal of Botany</em> 38 (7): e02746 (1−7). https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.02746</p>
<p>Lindau, G. (1897) Acanthaceae Americanae et Asiaticae nova vel minus cognitae. <em>Bulletin de l’Herbier Boissier</em> 5: 643–681.</p>
<p>Mabberley, D.J. (2017) <em>Mabberley’s Plant-book: a portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses, </em>4th ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1102 pp. https://doi. org/10.1017/9781316335581</p>
<p>McDade, L.A., Daniel, T.F., Masta, S.E. & Riley, K.M. (2000) Phylogenetic relationships within the tribe Justicieae (Acanthaceae): Evidence from molecular sequences, morphology, and cytology. <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 87: 435–458. https://doi.org/10.2307/2666140</p>
<p>POWO (2021) Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available from: http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/?q= Cosmianthemum (accessed 4 July 2021)</p>
<p>Scotland, R.W. & Vollesen, K. (2000) Classification of Acanthaceae. <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 55: 513–589. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4118776</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2021) [continuously updated]) <em>Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. </em>New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: https://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 10 March 2021)</p>
<p>Benoist, R. (1935) Acanthacée s. <em>In:</em> Lecomte, M.H. (Ed.) <em>Flore Générale de l’Indo-Chine</em> 4. Mason et Cie, Paris, pp. 610–772. [http://sci-hub.tw/10.5962/bhl.title.44886]</p>
<p>Bremekamp, C.E.B. (1960) New Bornean Acanthaceae. <em>Blumea</em> 10: 151–175.</p>
<p>Brownsey, P.J. & Jermy, A.C. (1973) A fern collecting expedition to Crete. <em>British Fern Gazette</em> 10 (6): 331–348.</p>
<p>Burtt, B.L. & Smith, R.M. (1965) <em>Cosmianthemum: </em>A Bornean genus of Acanthaceae. <em>Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh</em> 26: 365–381.</p>
<p>Clarke, C.B. (1908) Acanthaceae in Flora of the Malayan Peninsula<em>. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal</em>, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 74. Extra Number: 628–698.</p>
<p>Deng, Y.F. & Gao, C.M. (2020) Acanthaceae. <em>In</em>: Li, D.Z. (Ed.) <em>The Families and Genera of Chinese Vascular Plants</em> 3. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 1968–1993.</p>
<p>Deng, Y.F., Gao, C.M., Xia, N.H. & Peng, H. (2016) <em>Wuacanthus</em> (Acanthaceae), a new Chinese endemic genus segregated from <em>Justicia</em> (Acanthaceae). <em>Plant Diversity </em>38: 312–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2016.11.010</p>
<p>Fang, D., Luo, X.R. & Tang, H.T. (1997) New materials for Acanthaceae from Guangxi. <em>Guihaia </em>17 (1): 23–59.</p>
<p>Hai, D.V. (2016) <em>Research on taxonomy of subtribe Justiciinae Nees (Family Acanthaceae Juss.) in Vietnam</em>. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Graduate University Science and Technology, VAST.</p>
<p>Hai, D.V., Khoi, N.K., Kim, S.C. (2016) Confirmed genera <em>Cosmianthemum </em>and species <em>Cosmianthemum knoxiifolium</em> (C. B. Clarke) B. Hansen (Acanthaceae) distribution in Vietnam. <em>Proceedings of the 2nd National Scientific Conference on Biological Research and Teaching in Vietnam, Danang. 20th May 2016.</em> Vietnam National University Press, Ha Noi, pp. 257–260.</p>
<p>Hai, D.V., Oanh, P.T., Deng, Y.F., Lin, Z.L., Choudhary, R.K. & Lee, J.K. (2018) <em>Rungia khoii</em> (Acanthaceae), a new species from northern Vietnam. <em>Annales Botanici Fennici</em> 55 (4–6): 333–337. https://doi.org/10.5735/085.055.0417</p>
<p>Hansen, B. (1985) <em>Cosmianthemum knoxiifolium</em> (C. B. Clarke) B. Hansen comb. nov. (Acanthaceae). <em>Nordic Journal of Botany</em> 5: 195–197. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1985.tb02087.x</p>
<p>Hartley, T.G. (1993) <em>Melicope</em>. <em>In</em>: Huang, T.C. (Ed.) <em>Flora of Taiwan (Second edition) 3.</em> ROC, Taipei, pp. 519–523.</p>
<p>Ho, P.H. (2000) Acanthaceae. <em>In:</em> Ho, P.H. (Ed.)<em> An illustrated Flora of Vietnam </em>3. Tre Publishing House, Ho Chi Minh, pp. 30–82 [In Vietnamese with English summary].</p>
<p>Holttum, R.E. (1984) Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae IV. The genus <em>Pronephrium</em> Presl. <em>Blumea</em> 20 (1): 105–126</p>
<p>Hooker, J.D. (1878) <em>Bauhinia</em>. <em>In</em>: Hooker, J.D. (Ed.) <em>The</em> <em>Flora of British India 2</em>. L. Reeve & Co., London, pp. 275–285.</p>
<p>Hu, C.C. (2002) <em>Cosmianthemum</em>. <em>In</em>: Hu, C.C. (Ed.) <em>Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae</em> 70. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 269–272.</p>
<p>Hu, J.Q., Deng, Y.F. & Daniel, T.F. (2011) <em>Cosmianthemum.</em> <em>In</em>: Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P. & Hong, D.Y. (Eds.) <em>Flora of China</em> 19. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 448–449.</p>
<p>IUCN (2012) <em>IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. </em>Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iv + 32 pp.</p>
<p>IUCN (2019) <em>Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria, version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee.</em> Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/redlistguidelines.pdf (accessed 11 March 2021)</p>
<p>Jain, S.K. & Rao, R.R. (1977) <em>A Handbook of Field and Herbarium Methods. </em>Today and Tomorrow’s Printers and Publishers, New Delhi, 157 pp.</p>
<p>Kiel, C.A., Daniel, T.F., Darbyshire, I. & McDade, L.A. (2017) Unravelling relationships in the morphologically diverse and taxonomically challenging “justicioid” lineage (Acanthaceae: Justicieae). <em>Taxon</em> 66 (3): 645–674. https://doi.org/10.12705/663.8</p>
<p>Kim, S.C., Hai, D.V. & Sinh, N.V. (2015) <em>Biodiversity of Me Linh Station, Vietnam-Vascular Plants.</em> GeoBook Publishing Co, Incheon, 272 pp.</p>
<p>Lien, T.K. (2005) Acanthaceae. <em>In:</em> Ban, N.T. (Ed.) <em>Checklist of plant species of Vietnam </em>3. Agricultural Publishing House, Hanoi. pp. 251−281.</p>
<p>Lin, Z.L., Hai, D.V., Hu, X.Y. & Deng, Y.F. (2020) <em>Rhinacanthus spiciformis</em>, a new species of Acanthaceae from northern Vietnam. <em>Nordic Journal of Botany</em> 38 (7): e02746 (1−7). https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.02746</p>
<p>Lindau, G. (1897) Acanthaceae Americanae et Asiaticae nova vel minus cognitae. <em>Bulletin de l’Herbier Boissier</em> 5: 643–681.</p>
<p>Mabberley, D.J. (2017) <em>Mabberley’s Plant-book: a portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses, </em>4th ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1102 pp. https://doi. org/10.1017/9781316335581</p>
<p>McDade, L.A., Daniel, T.F., Masta, S.E. & Riley, K.M. (2000) Phylogenetic relationships within the tribe Justicieae (Acanthaceae): Evidence from molecular sequences, morphology, and cytology. <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 87: 435–458. https://doi.org/10.2307/2666140</p>
<p>POWO (2021) Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available from: http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/?q= Cosmianthemum (accessed 4 July 2021)</p>
<p>Scotland, R.W. & Vollesen, K. (2000) Classification of Acanthaceae. <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 55: 513–589. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4118776</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2021) [continuously updated]) <em>Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. </em>New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: https://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 10 March 2021)</p>