Abstract
While studying Anthurium sect. Pachyneurium from Brazil, a new species Anthurium mayoanum was discovered in Floresta de Igapó from Pará State. The species is described and illustrated. The species presents a set of characteristics that are for sect. Pachyneurium, particularly the atypical base of leaf blade and the color of spadix. We have compared this new species with other related taxa of section Pachyneurium and have provided commentary on geographical distribution, conservation status, ecology and phenology.
References
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<p>Croat, T.B. (1991) A revision of <em>Anthurium</em> section <em>Pachyneurium</em> (Araceae). <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden </em>76: 539–855.</p>
<p>Croat, T.B. (1994) The use of the new world Araceae as drug plants. <em>Journal of Japanese Botany</em> 69: 185–203.</p>
<p>Croat, T.B. & Bunting, G.S. (1979) Standardization of <em>Anthurium</em> descriptions. <em>Aroideana</em> 2: 15−25.</p>
<p>Croat, T.B. & Sheffer, R.D. (1983) The sectional groupings of <em>Anthurium</em> (Araceae). <em>Aroideana </em>6: 85−123.</p>
<p>Croat, T.B. & M.M. Carlsen. (2013) A reassessment of <em>Anthurium</em> species with palmately divided leaves, and a reinterpretation of <em>Anthurium</em> section <em>Dactylophyllium</em> (Araceae). <em>PhytoKeys</em> 23: 41–54.</p>
<p>Croat, T.B. & Carlsen, M.M. (2020) A new section of <em>Anthurium</em>: section Cordato-punctatum (Araceae), restricted to Central America. <em>Novon</em> 28: 46–50. https://doi.org/10.3417/2019370</p>
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<p>Ellis, B., Daly, D.C., Hickey, L.J., Johnson, K.R., Mitchell, J.D., Wilf, P. & Wing, S.L. (2009) <em>Manual of Leaf Architecture</em>. The New York Botanical Garden, Cornell University, 188 pp.</p>
<p>Engler, H.G.A. (1879) Araceae. <em>In</em>: De Candolle, A. & De Candolle, C. (eds.) <em>Monographiae Phanerogamarum Prodomi</em>. C. Wolf & Fils, Munich, 2: 1–681.</p>
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<p>Engler, H.G.A. (1905) Araceae–Pothoideae. <em>Das Pflanzenreich</em> 4: 1–330.</p>
<p>de Lourdes Pinheiro Ruivo, M., de Andrade Cunha, D., da Silva Castro, R.M., Lopes, E.L.N., Leal Matos, D.C. & de Oliveira, R.D. (2018) Igapó ecosystem soils: features and environmental importance. <em>In:</em> Myster, R.W. (ed.) <em>Igapó (Black-water flooded forests) of the Amazon Basin</em>. Springer International Publishing, pp. 67–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90122-0_5</p>
<p>GBIF (2021) <em>GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset.</em> Available from: https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei (accessed 3 May 2021)</p>
<p>Gonçalves, E.G. (2005) A new <em>Anthurium</em> sect. <em>Pachyneurium</em> (Araceae) from Minas Gerais state, Brazil. <em>Novon</em> 15: 133–135.</p>
<p>Hemsley, W.B. (1879) <em>Diagnoses plantarum novarum vel minus cognitarum Mexicanarum et Centrali-Americanarum</em>. Taylor and Francis, London, 56 pp.</p>
<p>IBGE (2017) <em>Divisão regional do Brasil em regiões geográficas imediatas e regiões geográficas intermediárias</em>. IBGE, Coordenação de Geografia, Rio de Janeiro, 82 pp.</p>
<p>IUCN (2021) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021-1. Available from: https://www.iucnredlist.org. (accessed 26 March 2021)</p>
<p>Lemaire, A.C. (1862) Espèce inédite (?) D’<em>Anthurium</em>: Anthurium macrospadix (Araceae § Orontieae). <em>L’Illustration Horticole</em> 9: 20–21.</p>
<p>Mayo, S.J., Bogner, J. & Boyce, P. (1997) <em>The genera of Araceae</em>. Continental Printing, Belgium, 370 pp.</p>
<p>Myster, R.W. (2018) <em>Igapó (Black-water flooded forests) of the Amazon Basin.</em> Springer International Publishing, 311 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90122-0</p>
<p>Pires, J.M. (1974) Tipos de Vegetação da Amazônia. <em>Brasil Florestal</em> 5: 48–58.</p>
<p>Prance, G.T. (1980) A terminologia dos tipos de florestas Amazonicas sujeitas a inundação. <em>Acta Amazonica</em> 10: 495–504. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809–43921980103499.</p>
<p>REFLORA (2020) <em>Herbário Virtual.</em> Available from: http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/herbarioVirtual/ (accessed 18 June 2020)</p>
<p>Schott, H.W. (1829) Für Liebhaber der Botanik. <em>Wiener Zeitschrift für Kunst</em>, <em>Litteratur, Theater und Mode</em> 3: 828. [Vienna]</p>
<p>Schott, H.W. (1860) <em>Prodromus Systematis Aroidearum</em>, Vienna, 602 pp.</p>
<p>Schott, H.W. (1855) Vermischtes. <em>Oesterreichisches Botanisches Wochenblatt</em> 5: 81–83.</p>
<p>Stearn, W.T. (2004) <em>Botanical Latin</em>. Timber Press, Portland, 546 pp.</p>
<p>Veloso, H.P., Rangel Filho, A.L.R., Lima, J.C.A. (1991) <em>Classificação da Vegetação Brasileira, adaptada a um sistema universal</em>. IBGE, Rio de Janeiro, 112 pp.</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2021) [Continuously updated] <em>Index Herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium</em>. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 26 March 2021)</p>
<p>Govaerts, R., Bogner, J., Boos, J., Boyce, P., Cosgriff, B., Croat, T., Gonçalves, E., Grayum, M., Hay, A., Hetterscheid, H., Ittenbach, S., Landolt, E., Mayo, S., Murata, J., Nguyen, V.D., Sakuragui, C.M., Singh, Y., Thompson, S. & Zhu, G. (2021) World Checklist of Araceae. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet: http://wcsp.science.kew.org/ (accessed 6 October 2021)</p>
<p>Beentje, H. (2010) <em>The Kew plant glossary: an illustrated dictionary of plant terms, 2nd ed</em>. Kew Publishing, Kew, 184 pp.</p>
<p>Boyce, P.C. & Croat, T.B. (2011 onwards) <em>The Überlist of Araceae, Totals for Published and Estimated Number of Species in Aroid Genera</em>. Available at: http://www.aroid.org/genera/20201008Uberlist.pdf (Accessed 14 October 2021)</p>
<p>Carlsen, M.M. & Croat, T.B. (2013) A molecular phylogeny of the species-rich Neotropical genus <em>Anthurium </em>(Araceae) based on combined chloroplast and nuclear DNA. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 38: 576–588. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364413X670287</p>
<p>Carlsen, M.C. & Croat, T.B. (2019) An analysis of the sectional classification of <em>Anthurium </em>(Araceae) comparing infragenetic groupings and their diagnostic morphology with a molecular phylogeny of the genus. <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden </em>104: 69−82. https://doi.org/10.3417/2018215</p>
<p>Coelho, M.A.N. & Croat, T.B. (2005) A new species of <em>Anthurium</em> from Brazil. <em>Aroideana</em> 28: 65–68.</p>
<p>Coelho, M.A.N., Waechter, J.L. & Mayo, S.J. (2009) Revisão taxonômica das espécies de <em>Anthurium </em>(Araceae) seção <em>Urospadix</em> subseção <em>Flavescentiviridia</em>. <em>Rodriguésia</em> 60: 799–864. https://doi.org/10.1590/2175–7860200960407</p>
<p>Coelho, M.A.N., Temponi, L.G., Camelo, M.C., Mayo, S.J., Pimenta, K.M., Pontes, T.A. & Andrade, I.M. (2020) <em>Anthurium.</em> <em>In</em>: <em>Flora do Brasil 2020. </em>Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB4912 (accessed at 10 March 2021)</p>
<p>Cole, T.C.H., Camelo, M.C. & Coelho, M.A.N. (2020) <em>Filogenia das ARACEAE – Principais Aráceas</em>. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341042497_Filogenia_das_ARACEAE__Principais_Araceas_portugues (accessed March 2021)</p>
<p>Croat, T.B. (1985) Collecting and preparing specimens of Araceae. <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 72: 252–258.</p>
<p>Croat, T.B. (1987) <em>Araceae</em>. <em>In</em>: Spichiger, R. (ed.) Notulae ad Floram paraguaiensem 13. <em>Candollea </em>42: 811<em>–</em>1813.</p>
<p>Croat, T.B. (1991) A revision of <em>Anthurium</em> section <em>Pachyneurium</em> (Araceae). <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden </em>76: 539–855.</p>
<p>Croat, T.B. (1994) The use of the new world Araceae as drug plants. <em>Journal of Japanese Botany</em> 69: 185–203.</p>
<p>Croat, T.B. & Bunting, G.S. (1979) Standardization of <em>Anthurium</em> descriptions. <em>Aroideana</em> 2: 15−25.</p>
<p>Croat, T.B. & Sheffer, R.D. (1983) The sectional groupings of <em>Anthurium</em> (Araceae). <em>Aroideana </em>6: 85−123.</p>
<p>Croat, T.B. & M.M. Carlsen. (2013) A reassessment of <em>Anthurium</em> species with palmately divided leaves, and a reinterpretation of <em>Anthurium</em> section <em>Dactylophyllium</em> (Araceae). <em>PhytoKeys</em> 23: 41–54.</p>
<p>Croat, T.B. & Carlsen, M.M. (2020) A new section of <em>Anthurium</em>: section Cordato-punctatum (Araceae), restricted to Central America. <em>Novon</em> 28: 46–50. https://doi.org/10.3417/2019370</p>
<p>Dalzell, N.A. (1852) Contributions to the Botany of Western India. <em>In</em>: Hooker, W.J. (ed.) <em>Hooker’s Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany. Vol. 4.</em> Reeve, Bentham, and Reeve, London, pp. 289–295.</p>
<p>Ellis, B., Daly, D.C., Hickey, L.J., Johnson, K.R., Mitchell, J.D., Wilf, P. & Wing, S.L. (2009) <em>Manual of Leaf Architecture</em>. The New York Botanical Garden, Cornell University, 188 pp.</p>
<p>Engler, H.G.A. (1879) Araceae. <em>In</em>: De Candolle, A. & De Candolle, C. (eds.) <em>Monographiae Phanerogamarum Prodomi</em>. C. Wolf & Fils, Munich, 2: 1–681.</p>
<p>Engler, A. (1898) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Araceae. VIII. <em>Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik</em>, <em>Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie</em> 25: 352–476.</p>
<p>Engler, H.G.A. (1905) Araceae–Pothoideae. <em>Das Pflanzenreich</em> 4: 1–330.</p>
<p>de Lourdes Pinheiro Ruivo, M., de Andrade Cunha, D., da Silva Castro, R.M., Lopes, E.L.N., Leal Matos, D.C. & de Oliveira, R.D. (2018) Igapó ecosystem soils: features and environmental importance. <em>In:</em> Myster, R.W. (ed.) <em>Igapó (Black-water flooded forests) of the Amazon Basin</em>. Springer International Publishing, pp. 67–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90122-0_5</p>
<p>GBIF (2021) <em>GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset.</em> Available from: https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei (accessed 3 May 2021)</p>
<p>Gonçalves, E.G. (2005) A new <em>Anthurium</em> sect. <em>Pachyneurium</em> (Araceae) from Minas Gerais state, Brazil. <em>Novon</em> 15: 133–135.</p>
<p>Hemsley, W.B. (1879) <em>Diagnoses plantarum novarum vel minus cognitarum Mexicanarum et Centrali-Americanarum</em>. Taylor and Francis, London, 56 pp.</p>
<p>IBGE (2017) <em>Divisão regional do Brasil em regiões geográficas imediatas e regiões geográficas intermediárias</em>. IBGE, Coordenação de Geografia, Rio de Janeiro, 82 pp.</p>
<p>IUCN (2021) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021-1. Available from: https://www.iucnredlist.org. (accessed 26 March 2021)</p>
<p>Lemaire, A.C. (1862) Espèce inédite (?) D’<em>Anthurium</em>: Anthurium macrospadix (Araceae § Orontieae). <em>L’Illustration Horticole</em> 9: 20–21.</p>
<p>Mayo, S.J., Bogner, J. & Boyce, P. (1997) <em>The genera of Araceae</em>. Continental Printing, Belgium, 370 pp.</p>
<p>Myster, R.W. (2018) <em>Igapó (Black-water flooded forests) of the Amazon Basin.</em> Springer International Publishing, 311 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90122-0</p>
<p>Pires, J.M. (1974) Tipos de Vegetação da Amazônia. <em>Brasil Florestal</em> 5: 48–58.</p>
<p>Prance, G.T. (1980) A terminologia dos tipos de florestas Amazonicas sujeitas a inundação. <em>Acta Amazonica</em> 10: 495–504. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809–43921980103499.</p>
<p>REFLORA (2020) <em>Herbário Virtual.</em> Available from: http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/herbarioVirtual/ (accessed 18 June 2020)</p>
<p>Schott, H.W. (1829) Für Liebhaber der Botanik. <em>Wiener Zeitschrift für Kunst</em>, <em>Litteratur, Theater und Mode</em> 3: 828. [Vienna]</p>
<p>Schott, H.W. (1860) <em>Prodromus Systematis Aroidearum</em>, Vienna, 602 pp.</p>
<p>Schott, H.W. (1855) Vermischtes. <em>Oesterreichisches Botanisches Wochenblatt</em> 5: 81–83.</p>
<p>Stearn, W.T. (2004) <em>Botanical Latin</em>. Timber Press, Portland, 546 pp.</p>
<p>Veloso, H.P., Rangel Filho, A.L.R., Lima, J.C.A. (1991) <em>Classificação da Vegetação Brasileira, adaptada a um sistema universal</em>. IBGE, Rio de Janeiro, 112 pp.</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2021) [Continuously updated] <em>Index Herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium</em>. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 26 March 2021)</p>
<p>Govaerts, R., Bogner, J., Boos, J., Boyce, P., Cosgriff, B., Croat, T., Gonçalves, E., Grayum, M., Hay, A., Hetterscheid, H., Ittenbach, S., Landolt, E., Mayo, S., Murata, J., Nguyen, V.D., Sakuragui, C.M., Singh, Y., Thompson, S. & Zhu, G. (2021) World Checklist of Araceae. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet: http://wcsp.science.kew.org/ (accessed 6 October 2021)</p>