Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Article
Published: 2020-11-17
Page range: 147–192
Abstract views: 95
PDF downloaded: 39

Vascular plant biodiversity of Dorset and Mallik islands, Nunavut, Canada: an annotated checklist of a middle Arctic flora in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

Centre for Arctic Knowledge and Exploration and Botany Section, Research and Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Centre for Arctic Knowledge and Exploration and Botany Section, Research and Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Centre for Arctic Knowledge and Exploration and Botany Section, Research and Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
General Cape Dorset floristics herbarium specimens Kinngait Mallikjuaq Territorial Park

Abstract

Establishing a baseline of current Arctic vascular plant diversity and distribution is critical, given the rapid and major environmental changes occurring in the Arctic ecozone in response to climate change. Here, we report the results of a floristic study of vascular plant diversity of Dorset and Mallik islands in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, Nunavut, Canada. These two small islands lie off the coast of the Foxe Peninsula of southwestern Baffin Island, and they are part of the Circumpolar Arctic bioclimate Subzone C. The hamlet of Kinngait (formerly Cape Dorset) is located on Dorset Island, and Nunavut’s Mallikjuak Territorial Park encompasses all of Mallik Island. The study is based on a specimen-based dataset comprising 876 unique collections from the two islands gathered over the last century, including 268 new ones collected in 2015. Results are presented in an annotated checklist. The vascular plant flora of the study area comprises 26 families, 71 genera, 150 species and three infraspecific taxa; 139 species are recorded on Dorset Island and 102 on Mallik Island. Eleven taxa are newly recorded from the study area in six families: Carex rupestris, Eriophorum scheuchzeri subsp. scheuchzeri, E. triste (Cyperaceae); Diapensia lapponica (Diapensiaceae); Equisetum arvense subsp. alpestre (Equisetaceae); Oxytropis deflexa var. foliolosa (Fabaceae); Potentilla arenosa subsp. arenosa, P. hyparctica subsp. hyparctica (Rosaceae); Antennaria friesiana subsp. friesiana, Askellia pygmaea, and Taraxacum phymatocarpum (Asteraceae).

References

<p class="Reference">Ackerman, D., Griffin, D., Hobbie, S.E. &amp; Finlay, J.C. (2017) Arctic shrub growth trajectories differ across soil moisture levels. <em>Global Change Biology</em> 23: 4294–4302.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13677">https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13677</a></p><p class="Reference">Aiken, S.G., Dallwitz, M.J., Consaul, L.L., McJannet, C.L., Boles, R.L., Argus, G.W., Gillett, J.M., Scott, P.J., Elven, R., LeBlanc, M.C., Gillespie, L.J., Brysting, A.K., Solstad, H. &amp; Harris, J.G. (2007) Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, and Information Retrieval [CD-ROM]. NRC Research Press, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa. [http://nature.ca/en/research-collections/our-research/areas-expertise/botany/flora-canadian-arctic-archipelago]</p><p class="Reference">Allen, E.S. (1962) <em>Arctic Odyssey: The Life of Rear Admiral Donald B. MacMillan</em>. New York, Dodd, Mead &amp; Company, 340 pp.</p><p class="Reference">Allioni, C. (1785) <em>Flora pedemontana sive enumeratio methodica stirpium indigenarum Pedemontii</em> 2. Torino, J.M. Briolus, 366 pp.</p><p class="Reference">Andersson, N.J. (1852) <em>Plantas Scandinaviae Descriptionibus et Figuris analyticis Adumbratae. Fasciculus Secundus Gramineas Scandinaviae Complectens</em>. Stockholm, Zacharias Haeggstrom.</p><p class="Reference">Angiosperm Phylogeny Group IV (2016) An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. <em>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</em> 181: 1–20.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12385">https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12385</a></p><p class="Reference">Anonymous (2001) <em>New Parks North: An annual progress report on natural and cultural heritage initiatives in Northern Canada. Newsletter 10</em>. Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Parks Canada, 36 pp.</p><p class="Reference">Barberá, P., Quintanar, A., Peterson, P.M., Soreng, R.J., Romaschenko, K. &amp; Aedo, C. (2019) New combinations, new names, typifications, and a new section, sect. <em>Hispanica</em>, in <em>Koeleria </em>(Poeae, Poaceae). <em>Phytoneuron</em> 2019-46.</p><p class="Reference">Barneby, R.C. (1951) New names in <em>Oxytropis</em>. <em>Leaflets of Western Botany</em> 6: 111.</p><p class="Reference">Barrett, P.E. &amp; Teeri, J.A. (1973) Vascular plants of the Truelove Inlet region, Devon Island. <em>Arctic</em> 26: 58–67.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic2896">https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic2896</a></p><p class="Reference">Bay, C. (1997) Floristical and ecological characterization of the polar desert zone of Greenland. <em>Journal of Vegetation Science</em> 8: 685–696.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.2307/3237373">https://doi.org/10.2307/3237373</a></p><p class="Reference">Berlin, J.A. (1884) Kärlväxter frän Grönland. <em>Öfversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlinga</em> 4: 1–89.</p><p class="Reference">Bernhardi, J.J. (1805) Dritter Versuch einer Anordnung der Farrnkäuter. <em>Neues Journal für die Botanik</em> 1: 1–50.</p><p class="Reference">Bjorkman, A.D., Garcia Criado, M., Myers-Smith, I.H., Ravolainen, V., Jonsdottir, I.S., Westergaard, K.B., Lawler, J.P., Aronsson, M., Bennett, B., Gardfjell, H., Heiethmarsson, S., Stewart, L. &amp; Normand, S. (2020) Status and trends in Arctic vegetation: Evidence from experimental warming and long-term monitoring. <em>Ambio</em> 49: 678–692.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01161-6">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01161-6</a></p><p class="Reference">Bjorkman, A.D., Myers-Smith, I.H., Elmendorf, S.C., Normand, S., Rüger, N., Beck, P.S.A., Blach-Overgaard, A., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Forbes, B.C., Georges, D., Goetz, S.J., Guay, K.C., Henry, G.H.R., HilleRisLambers, J., Hollister, R.D., Karger, D.N., Kattge, J., Manning, P., Prevéy, J.S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Thomas, H.J.D., Vellend, M., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Carbognani, M., Hermanutz, L., Lévesque, E., Molau, U., Petraglia, A., Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Spasojevic, M.J., Tomaselli, M., Vowles, T., Alatalo, J.M., Alexander, H.D., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., Beest, M.t., Berner, L., Björk, R.G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Christie, K., Cooper, E.J., Dullinger, S., Elberling, B., Eskelinen, A., Frei, E.R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Harper, K.A., Heijmans, M.M.P.D., Hudson, J., Hülber, K., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Iversen, C.M., Jaroszynska, F., Johnstone, J.F., Jørgensen, R.H., Kaarlejärvi, E., Klady, R., Kuleza, S., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L.J., Lantz, T., Little, C.J., Speed, J.D.M., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Nielsen, S.S., Ninot, J.M., Oberbauer, S.F., Olofsson, J., Onipchenko, V.G., Rumpf, S.B., Semenchuk, P., Shetti, R., Collier, L.S., Street, L.E., Suding, K.N., Tape, K.D., Trant, A., Treier, U.A., Tremblay, J.-P., Tremblay, M., Venn, S., Weijers, S., Zamin, T., Boulanger-Lapointe, N., Gould, W.A., Hik, D.S., Hofgaard, A., Jónsdóttir, I.S., Jorgenson, J., Klein, J., Magnusson, B., Tweedie, C., Wookey, P.A., Bahn, M., Blonder, B., van Bodegom, P.M., Bond-Lamberty, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B.E.L., Chapin, F.S., Cornwell, W.K., Craine, J., Dainese, M., de Vries, F.T., Díaz, S., Enquist, B.J., Green, W., Milla, R., Niinemets, Ü., Onoda, Y., Ordoñez, J.C., Ozinga, W.A., Penuelas, J., Poorter, H., Poschlod, P., Reich, P.B., Sandel, B., Schamp, B., Sheremetev, S. &amp; Weiher, E. (2018) Plant functional trait change across a warming tundra biome. <em>Nature</em> 562: 57–62.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0563-7">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0563-7</a></p><p class="Reference">Blondeau, M. (2015) Caryophyllaceae. <em>In:</em> Payette, S. (Ed.), <em>Flore nordique du Québec et du Labrador 2</em>. Québec, Québec, Presses de l’Université Laval, pp. 123–193.</p><p class="Reference">Bocquet, G. (1967) Physolychnidium olim Gastrolychnidium nomenclaturae fundamentum includens combinationes taxaque nova nonnulla Silenes generis. <em>Candollea</em> 22: 1–38.</p><p class="Reference">Boeckeler, J.O. (1886) Neue Cyperaceen von Argentinien, Mexiko, Alaska und dem Kilimandscharo. <em>Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie</em> 7: 273–280.</p><p class="Reference">Boivin, B. (1951) Centurie de plantes Canadiennes–II. <em>Canadian Field-Naturalist</em> 65: 1–22.</p><p class="Reference">Boivin, B. (1972) Flora of the Prairie Provinces, Part III. <em>Phytologia</em> 23: 1–140.</p><p class="Reference">Box, J.E., Colgan, W.T., Christensen, T.R., Schmidt, N.M., Lund, M., Parmentier, F.-J.W., Brown, R., Bhatt, U.S., Euskirchen, E.S., Romanovsky, V.E., Walsh, J.E., Overland, J.E., Wang, M., Corell, R.W., Meier, W.N., Wouters, B., Mernild, S., Mård, J., Pawlak, J. &amp; Olsen, M.S. (2019) Key indicators of Arctic climate change: 1971–2017. <em>Environmental Research Letters</em>: 14.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aafc1b">https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aafc1b</a></p><p class="Reference">Brassard, G.R. &amp; Longton, R.E. (1970) The flora and vegetation of Van Hauen Pass, northwestern Ellesmere Island. <em>Canadian Field-Naturalist</em> 84: 357–364.</p><p class="Reference">Brassard, J. &amp; Beschel, R.E. (1968) The vascular flora of Tanquary Fiord, northern Ellesmere Island, N.W.T. <em>Canadian Field-Naturalist</em> 82: 103–113.</p><p class="Reference">Bridgland, J. &amp; Gillett, J.M. (1983) Vascular plants of the Hayes Sound region, Ellesmere Island, Northwest Territories. <em>Canadian Field-Naturalist</em> 97: 279–292.</p><p class="Reference">Britton, N.L. (1905) <em>North American Flora</em>. [New York], New York Botanical Garden, 193 pp.</p><p class="Reference">Brouillet, L. (2006) <em>Matricaria</em>.<em> In:</em> Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Org.) <em>Flora of North America North of Mexico 19. Magnoliophyta: Asteridae (in part): Asteraceae, part 1</em>. Oxford and New York, Oxford University Press, pp. 541–542.</p><p class="Reference">Brouillet, L., Coursol, F., Meades, S.J., Favreau, M., Anions, M., Bélisle, P. &amp; Desmet, P. (2010+) VASCAN, the Database of Vascular Plants of Canada. [http://data.canadensys.net/vascan/]</p><p class="Reference">Brown, R. (1823) <em>Chloris Melvilliana: a list of plants collected in Melville Island (latitude 74-75 N. longitude 110-112 W.) in the year 1820; by the officers of the voyage of discovery under the orders of Captain Parry. With characters and descriptions of the new genera and species</em>. London, William Clowes, 52 pp.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8114">https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8114</a></p><p class="Reference">Calder, J.A. (1951) Plants from the upper Frobisher Bay region, Baffin Island, N.W.T., Canada. <em>Canadian Field-Naturalist</em> 65: 47–60.</p><p class="Reference">Candolle, A.L.P.P.d. (1838a) <em>Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis</em> 7. Paris, Treuttel et Würtz, 330 pp.</p><p class="Reference">Candolle, A.L.P.P.d. (1838b) <em>Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis </em>6. Paris, Treuttel et Würtz, 687 pp.</p><p class="Reference">Candolle, A.P.d. (1821) <em>Regni vegetabilis systema naturale, sive ordines, genera et species plantarum secundum methodi naturalis normas digestarum et descriptarum</em> 2. Paris, Treuttel et Würtz, 745 pp.</p><p class="Reference">CAVM Team (2003) Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Map. (1:7,500,000 scale). <em>Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF) Map No. 1</em>. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, Alaska.</p><p class="Reference">Cayouette, J. (2004) A taxonomic review of the <em>Eriophorum russeolum–E. scheuchzeri </em>complex (Cyperaceae) in North America. <em>Sida</em> 21: 791–814.</p><p class="Reference">Cody, W.J. (1994) Nomenclatural changes and new taxa for the Yukon flora. <em>Canadian Field-Naturalist</em> 108: 93–95.</p><p class="Reference">Collins, W.H. (1929) Annual Report for 1928. General Activities of the Museum. <em>National Museum of Canada Bulletin</em> 62: 10–18.</p><p class="Reference">Conti, F., Abbate, G., Alessandrini, A. &amp; Blasi, C. (2005) <em>An annotated checklist of the Italian vascular flora</em>. Rome, Palombi Editori, 420 pp.</p><p class="Reference">Coville, F.V. (1901) Papers from the Harriman Alaska Expedition. XXVI. <em>Harrimanella</em>, a new genus of heathers. <em>Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences</em> 3: 569–576.</p><p class="Reference">Daru, B.H., Park, D.S., Primack, R.B., Willis, C.G., Barrington, D.S., Whitfeld, T.J.S., Seidler, T.G., Sweeney, P.W., Foster, D.R., Ellison, A.M. &amp; Davis, C.C. (2018) Widespread sampling biases in herbaria revealed from large-scale digitization. <em>New Phytologist</em> 217: 939–955.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14855">https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14855</a></p><p class="Reference">Dewey, C. (1835) Caricography. <em>American Journal of Science, and Arts</em> 27: 236–241.</p><p class="Reference">Dewey, C. (1836) Caricography. <em>American Journal of Science, and Arts</em> 29: 245–253.</p><p class="Reference">Dillenberger, M.S. &amp; Kadereit, J.W. (2014) Maximum polyphyly: Multiple origins and delimitation with plesiomorphic characters require a new circumscription of <em>Minuartia</em> (Caryophyllaceae). <em>Taxon</em> 63: 64–88.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.12705/631.5">https://doi.org/10.12705/631.5</a></p><p class="Reference">Don, D. (1834) An attempt at a new arrangement of the Ericaceae. <em>Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal</em> 17: 150–160.</p><p class="Reference">Drejer, S.T.N. (1841) Revisio critica Caricum borealium in terris sub imperio Danico jacentibus inventarum. <em>Naturhistorisk tidsskrift</em> 3: 423–480.</p><p class="Reference">Egorova, T.V. (1964) De caricibus sectionis Capillares notae criticae. <em>Novosti Sistematiki Vysshchikh Rastenii</em> 1: 31–48.</p><p class="Reference">Ehrhart, F. (1784) Botanische Bemerkungen. <em>Hannoverisches Magazin</em> 22: 114–143.</p><p class="Reference">Ekman, E.L. (1928) Märre Meddelanden: <em>Antennaria frieseana </em>(Trautv.). <em>Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift</em> 22: 416.</p><p class="Reference">Elmendorf, S.C., Henry, G.H.R., Hollister, R.D., Björk, R.G., Boulanger-Lapointe, N., Cooper, E.J., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Day, T.A., Dorrepaal, E., Elumeeva, T.G., Gill, M., Gould, W.A., Harte, J., Hik, D.S., Hofgaard, A., Johnson, D.R., Johnstone, J.F., Jónsdóttir, I.S., Jorgenson, J.C., Klanderud, K., Klein, J.A., Koh, S., Kudo, G., Lara, M., Lévesque, E., Magnússon, B., May, J.L., Mercado-Dý´az, J.A., Michelsen, A., Molau, U., Myers-Smith, I.H., Oberbauer, S.F., Onipchenko, V.G., Rixen, C., Martin Schmidt, N., Shaver, G.R., Spasojevic, M.J., Þórhallsdóttir, Þ.E., Tolvanen, A., Troxler, T., Tweedie, C.E., Villareal, S., Wahren, C.-H., Walker, X., Webber, P.J., Welker, J.M. &amp; Wipf, S. (2012) Plot-scale evidence of tundra vegetation change and links to recent summer warming. <em>Nature Climate Change</em> 2: 453–457.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1465">https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1465</a></p><p class="Reference">Elven, R. &amp; Murray, D.F. (2008) New combinations in the Panarctic vascular plant flora. <em>Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas</em> 2: 433–446.</p><p class="Reference">Elven, R., Murray, D.F., Razzhivin, V.Y. &amp; Yurtsev, B.A. (2011) Annotated checklist of the Panarctic Flora (PAF): Vascular plants version 1.0. Available from: <a href="http://nhm2.uio.no/paf">http://nhm2.uio.no/paf</a> (accessed 11 February 2020)</p><p class="Reference">Environment Canada (2019) Cape Dorset A. Climate ID: 2400635. Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Available from: <a href="http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/index_e.html">http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/index_e.html</a> (accessed 8 August 2019)</p><p class="Reference">Fernald, M.L. (1923) Baffin Land plants collected by the MacMillan Expedition, 1922. <em>Rhodora</em> 25: 111֪–114.</p><p class="Reference">Fernald, M.L. &amp; Wiegand, K.M. (1911) <em>Salix calcicola</em>, a little known northern willow. <em>Rhodora</em> 13: 251–253.</p><p class="Reference">Flora of North America Editorial Committee (1993+) <em>Flora of North America North of Mexico. 16+ volumes</em>. New York and Oxford, Oxford University Press.</p><p class="Reference">Franklin, J. (1823) <em>Narrative of a journey to the shores of the polar sea in the years 1819, 20, 21 and 22, with an appendix on various subjects relating to science and natural history</em>. London, John Murray, 768 pp.</p><p class="Reference">         https:// doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.95923</p><p class="Reference">Fries, T.M. (1869) Tillägg till Spetsbergens fanerogam-flora [Additions to the Phanerogamous Flora of Spitzbergen]. <em>Öfversigt af Förhandlingar: Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademien</em> 25: 121–144.</p><p class="Reference">Fries, T.M. (1870) Tillagg till Spetsbergens Fanerogam-Flora. <em>Öfversigt af Kungliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar</em> 26: 121–144.</p><p class="Reference">Frost, G.V., Bhatt, U.S., Epstein, H.E., Walker, D.A., Raynolds, M.K., Berner, L.T., Bjerke, J.W., Breen, A.L., Forbes, B.C., Goetz, S.J., Iversen, C.M., Lara, M.J., Macander, M.J., Phoenix, G.K., Rocha, A.V., Salmon, V.G., Thornton, P.E., Tømmervik, H. &amp; Wullschleger, S.D. (2019) <em>Tundra Greenness</em>, pp. 48–57. Available from: <a href="https://arctic.noaa.gov/Report-Card/Report-Card-2019">https://arctic.noaa.gov/Report-Card/Report-Card-2019</a> (accessed 11 February 2020)</p><p class="Reference">Gillespie, L.J., Saarela, J.M., Sokoloff, P.C. &amp; Bull, R.D. (2015) New vascular plant records for the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. <em>Phytokeys</em> 52: 23–79.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.52.8721">https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.52.8721</a></p><p class="Reference">Gillett, J.M. (1976) Plants of Coats Island, Hudson Bay, Keewatin District, Northwest Territories. <em>Canadian Field-Naturalist</em> 90: 390–396.</p><p class="Reference">Google. 2020. [Mallik Island]. Available from: <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/Mallik+Island/@64.2554029,-76.6280341,3047m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x4ddc9da841554a75:0x83101988105f1aa0!8m2!3d64.2409548!4d-76.6220628">https://www.google.com/maps/place/Mallik+Island/@64.2554029,-76.6280341,3047m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x4ddc9da841554a75:0x83101988105f1aa0!8m2!3d64.2409548!4d-76.6220628</a> (accessed 28 February 2020).</p><p class="Reference">Graham, R. (1828) Description of several new or rare plants which have flowered in the neighbourhood of Edinburgh and chiefly in the Royal Botanic Garden, during the last three months. <em>Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal</em> 5: 169–176.</p><p class="Reference">Healy, C. &amp; Gillespie, L.J. (2004 [2005]) A systematic analysis of the <em>Saxifraga nivalis </em>complex (Saxifragaceae) in the Canadian Arctic using morphology and chloroplast DNA data. <em>Canadian Field-Naturalist</em> 118: 326–340.</p><p class="Reference">Heller, A.A. (1910) <em>Catalogue of North American Plants North of Mexico, Exclusive of the Lower Cryptogams. Edition 3</em>. Lancaster, PA, 276 pp.</p><p class="Reference">Hooker, W.J. (1830) <em>Flora boreali-americana, or, the botany of the northern parts of British America: compiled principally from the plants collected by Dr. Richardson &amp; Mr. Drummond on the late northern expeditions, under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. to which are added (by permission of the Horticultural society of London,) those of Mr. Douglas, from north-west America, and of other naturalists</em> 1. London, H.G. Bohn, 351 pp.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.691">https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.691</a></p><p class="Reference">Hooker, W.J. (1831) <em>Flora boreali-americana, or, the botany of the northern parts of British America: compiled principally from the plants collected by Dr. Richardson &amp; Mr. Drummond on the late northern expeditions, under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. to which are added (by permission of the Horticultural society of London,) those of Mr. Douglas, from north-west America, and of other naturalists</em> 1. London, H.G. Bohn, 328 pp.</p><p class="Reference">Hoppe, D.H. (1800) <em>Botanisches Taschenbuch für die Anfänger dieser Wissenschaft und der Apothekerkunst</em>. Montag und Weiß.</p><p class="Reference">Hornemann, J.W. (1821) <em>Forsog til en Dansk Oeconomisk Plantelaere (ed. 3) 1</em>. Kjøbenhavn, tryckt paa Hofboghandler J. H. Schubothes Forlag, hos Hartwig Friderich Popp., 1042 pp.</p><p class="Reference">Hultén, E. (1962) The circumpolar plants. 1, Vascular cryptogams, conifers, monocotyledons. <em>Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar</em> 4: 1–275.</p><p class="Reference">Jacobs, J.D., Headley, A.N., Maus, L.A., Mode, W.N. &amp; Simms, E.L. (1997) Climate and vegetation of the interior lowlands of southern Baffin Island: long-term stability at the low arctic limit. <em>Arctic</em> 50: 167–177.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic1099">https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic1099</a></p><p class="Reference">Jacquin, N.J.v. (1762) <em>Enumeratio Stirpium Pleraumque, quae sponte crescung in agro Vindobonensi, montibusque confinibus. Accedunt observationum centuria et appendix de paucis exoticis. Cum tabulis aeneis.</em> Vindobonae [Wien], impensis Joannis Pauli Kraus.</p><p class="Reference">Jurtzev, B.A. (1987) <em>Arkticheskaia Flora SSSR</em> 10. Impensis Academiae Scientiarum SSSR Institutum Botanicum Moscow and Leningrad.</p><p class="Reference">Juzepczuk, S.V. (1941) Rosaceae-Rosoideae. <em>In:</em> Komarov, V.L. (Ed.) <em>Flora URSS (Flora unionis rerumpublicarum sovieticarum socialisticarum) 10</em>. Leningrad, Editio Academiae scientiarum URSS, pp. 2–509.</p><p class="Reference">Kiger, R.W. &amp; Murray, D.F. (1997) <em>Papaver </em>Linnaeus. <em>In:</em> Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Org.) <em>Flora of North America North of Mexico 3. Magnoliophyta: Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae</em>. Oxford and New York, Oxford University Press, pp. 323–333.</p><p class="Reference">Kirschner, J. (2002) <em>Species Plantarum: Flora of the World. Part 8. Juncaceae 3: Juncus subg. Agathryon</em>. Canberra, Australia, ABRS, 192 pp.</p><p class="Reference">Laymon, C.A. (1992) Glacial geology of western Hudson Strait, Canada, with reference to Laurentide Ice Sheet dynamics. <em>Geological Society of America Bulletin</em> 104: 1169–1177.</p><p class="Reference">Le Clerc-Blain, J., Starr, J.R., Bull, R.D. &amp; Saarela, J.M. (2010) A regional approach to plant DNA barcoding provides high species resolution of sedges (<em>Carex </em>and <em>Kobresia</em>, Cyperaceae) in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. <em>Molecular Ecology Resources</em> 10: 69–91.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02725.x">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02725.x</a></p><p class="Reference">Ledebour, C.F. (1815) Decades sex plantarum novarum in Imperio Rossico indeigenarum. <em>Mémoires de l’Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg. Avec l’Histoire de l’Academie. St. Petersburg</em> 5: 514–578.</p><p class="Reference">Ledebour, C.F.v. (1829) <em>Icones plantarum novarum vel imperfecte cognitarum floram Rossicam</em> 1. Rigae, apud I. Deubner.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.46626">https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.46626</a></p><p class="Reference">Lindeberg, C.J. (1855) Resa i Norge 1854. <em>Botaniska notiser</em> 1855: 1–13.</p><p class="Reference">Linnaeus, C. (1753a) <em>Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas. Volume 1.</em> Holmiæ [Stockholm], Impensis Laurentii Salvii, 560 pp.</p><p class="Reference">Linnaeus, C. (1753b) <em>Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas. Volume 2.</em> Holmiae, Impensis Laurentii Salvii, 561–1200 pp.</p><p class="Reference">Linneì, C.v., Willdenow, K.L., Link, H.F., Schwägrichen, C.F. &amp; Nauck, G.C. (1806) <em>Caroli a Linneì Species plantarum :exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas</em> 4:pt.2.(Ed. 4., post Reichardianam quinta ed.). Berolini, Impensis G.C. Nauk.</p><p class="Reference">Löve, Á. (1950) Some innovations and nomenclatural suggestions in the Icelandic flora. <em>Botaniska notiser</em> 103: 24–60.</p><p class="Reference">Löve, Á. &amp; Löve, D. (1976) Nomenclatural notes on Arctic plants. <em>Botaniska notiser</em> 128: 497–523.</p><p class="Reference">Mackenzie, K.K. (1910) Notes on Carex–VI. <em>Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club</em> 37: 231–250.</p><p class="Reference">Macpherson, A.H. (1999) Thomas Henry Manning (1911–1998). <em>Arctic</em> 52: 104–105.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic913">https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic913</a></p><p class="Reference">Malte, M.O. (1934) Critical notes on plants of Arctic America. <em>Rhodora</em> 36: 172–193.</p><p class="Reference">McLaren, I.A. (1964) A list of vascular plants from around Ogac Lake, south coast of Frobisher Bay, N.W.T. <em>Canadian Field-Naturalist</em> 78: 70–77.</p><p class="Reference">Meyer, C.A. (1831) Cyperaceae novae descriptionibus et iconibus illustrate. <em>Mémoires présentés a l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg par Divers Savans et lus dans ses assemblées</em> 1: 195–230.</p><p class="Reference">Michaux, A. (1803) <em>Flora boreali-americana: sistens caracteres plantarum quas in America septentrionali collegit et detexit </em></p><p class="Reference">Müller, H. (1977) Über Pflanzen und Klima auf Coburg Island, N.W.T., Kanada. <em>Geogr. Helv.</em> 32: 213–218.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/gh-32-213-1977">https://doi.org/10.5194/gh-32-213-1977</a></p><p class="Reference">Müller, H. (1979) Vegetation and climate on Coburg Island, N.W.T. <em>Polar Geography</em> 3: 139–147.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10889377909377111">https://doi.org/10.1080/10889377909377111</a></p><p class="Reference">Myers-Smith, I.H., Elmendorf, S.C., Beck, P.S.A., Wilmking, M., Hallinger, M., Blok, D., Tape, K.D., Rayback, S.A., Macias-Fauria, M., Forbes, B.C., Speed, J.D.M., Boulanger-Lapointe, N., Rixen, C., Lévesque, E., Schmidt, N.M., Baittinger, C., Trant, A.J., Hermanutz, L., Collier, L.S., Dawes, M.A., Lantz, T.C., Weijers, S., Jørgensen, R.H., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Naito, A.T., Ravolainen, V., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wheeler, J.A., Wipf, S., Guay, K.C., Hik, D.S. &amp; Vellend, M. (2015) Climate sensitivity of shrub growth across the tundra biome. <em>Nature Climate Change</em> 5: 887–891.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2697">https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2697</a></p><p class="Reference">Myers-Smith, I.H., Forbes, B.C., Wilmking, M., Hallinger, M., Lantz, T., Blok, D., Tape, K.D., Macias-Fauria, M., Sass-Klaassen, U., Lévesque, E., Boudreau, S., Ropars, P., Hermanutz, L., Trant, A., Collier, L.S., Weijers, S., Rozema, J., Rayback, S.A., Schmidt, N.M., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wipf, S., Rixen, C., Ménard, C.B., Venn, S., Goetz, S., Andreu-Hayles, L., Elmendorf, S., Ravolainen, V., Welker, J., Grogan, P., Epstein, H.E. &amp; Hik, D.S. (2011) Shrub expansion in tundra ecosystems: dynamics, impacts and research priorities. <em>Environmental Research Letters</em> 6: 045509.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/6/4/045509">https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/6/4/045509</a></p><p class="Reference">Nannfeldt, J.A.F. (1940) On the polymorphy of <em>Poa arctica </em>R. Br., with special reference to its Scandinavian forms. <em>Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses</em> 4: 1–85.</p><p class="Reference">Oeder, G.C.v.O. (1816) [Flora danica] <em>Icones plantarum sponte nascentium in regnis Daniae et Norvegiae, in ducatibus Slesvici et Holsaticae, et in comitatibus Oldenburgi et Delmenhorstiae; ad illustrandum opus de iisdem plantis, regio jussu exarandum</em>, <em>Florae danicae nomine inscriptum</em> 9 (26): 4, pl. 1530.</p><p class="Reference">Oeder, G.C.v.O. (1840) [Flora danica] <em>Icones plantarum sponte nascentium in regnis Daniae et Norvegiae, in ducatibus Slesvici et Holsaticae, et in comitatibus Oldenburgi et Delmenhorstiae; ad illustrandum opus de iisdem plantis, regio jussu exarandum, Florae danicae nomine inscriptum</em> 3(39): 6, pl. 2298.</p><p class="Reference">Ostenfeld, C.H. (1910) Vascular plants collected in the Arctic North America by the Gjoa Expedition 1904-1906. <em>Skrifter Udgivne af Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania, Mathematisk-Naturvidenskabelig Klass</em> 1909 (8): 1–73.</p><p class="Reference">Overland, J.E., Hanna, E., Hanssen-Bauer, I., Kim, S.-J., Walsh, J.E., Wang, M., Bhatt, U.S., Thoman, R.L. &amp; Ballinger, T.J. (2019) <em>Surface air temperature</em>, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, pp. 5–10. Available from: <a href="http://www.arctic.noaa.gov/report-card">http://www.arctic.noaa.gov/report-card</a> (accessed 11 February 2020)</p><p class="Reference">Panchen, Z.A., Doubt, J., Kharouba, H.M. &amp; Johnston, M.O. (2019) Patterns and biases in an Arctic herbarium specimen collection: Implications for phenological research. <em>Applications in Plant Sciences</em> 7: e01229.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/aps3.1229">https://doi.org/10.1002/aps3.1229</a></p><p class="Reference">Parry, W.E. (1825 [1827]) Appendix to Captain Parry’s journal of a second voyage for the discovery of a north-west passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific, performed in His Majesty’s ships Fury and Hecla in the years 1821-22-23. London, John Murray.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.48565">https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.48565</a></p><p class="Reference">Payette, S. (Ed.) (2013) <em>Flore nordique du Québec et du Labrador</em> 1. Québec, Presses de l’Université Laval, 561 pp.</p><p class="Reference">Payette, S. (Ed.) (2015) <em>Flore nordique du Québec et du Labrador</em> 2. Québec, Presses de l’Université Laval, 711 pp.</p><p class="Reference">Payette, S. (Ed.) (2018) <em>Flore nordique du Québec et du Labrador</em> 3. Québec, Presses de l’Université Laval, 711 pp.</p><p class="Reference">Persoon, C.H. (1805) <em>Synopsis Plantarum, seu enchiridium botanicum, complectens enumerationem systematicam specierum hucusque cognitarum</em> 1. Parisiis lutetiorum [Paris], Cramer, 546 pp.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.638">https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.638</a></p><p class="Reference">Polunin, N. (1934) The flora of Akpatok Island, Hudson Strait. <em>Journal of Botany</em> 72: 197–204.</p><p class="Reference">Polunin, N. (1938) The flora of Southampton Island, Hudson Bay. <em>Journal of Botany, British and foreign</em> 76: 93–103.</p><p class="Reference">Polunin, N. (1940a) Botany of the Canadian Eastern Arctic. Part I. Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta. <em>National Museum of Canada Bulletin</em> 92: 1–408.</p><p class="Reference">Polunin, N. (1940b) The flora of Devon Island in arctic Canada. <em>Canadian Field-Naturalist</em> 40: 31–37.</p><p class="Reference">Polunin, N. (1948) Botany of the Canadian eastern arctic. Part III. Vegetation and ecology. <em>National Museum of Canada Bulletin</em> 104: 1–304.</p><p class="Reference">Poplavskaja, H.I. (1929) <em>Ocherki po fitosotsiologii i fitogeografii: s portretom prof. V.N. Sukacheva i pisʹmom k nemu akademika I.P. Borodina [An outline of phytosociology and phytogeography]</em>. Moscow, Novaya Derevnya, 394 pp.</p><p class="Reference">Porsild, A.E. (1955) The vascular plants of the western Canadian Arctic Archipelago. <em>National Museum of Canada Bulletin</em> 135: 1–226.</p><p class="Reference">Porsild, A.E. (1957) Illustrated Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. <em>National Museum of Canada Bulletin</em> 146: 1–218.</p><p class="Reference">Porsild, A.E. (1964) Illustrated Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, Second Edition. <em>National Museum of Canada Bulletin 146, Biological Series </em>50: 1–218.</p><p class="Reference">Porsild, A.E. &amp; Cody, W.J. (1980) <em>Vascular plants of continental Northwest Territories, Canada</em>. Ottawa, Canada, National Museum of Natural Sciences, National Museums of Canada, 667 pp.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.70336">https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.70336</a></p><p class="Reference">Pursh, F.T. (1813) <em>Flora Americae Septentrionalis; or, a Systematic Arrangement and Description of the Plants of North America 2</em>. London, James Black and Son.</p><p class="Reference">Qikiqtani Inuit Association (2013) <em>Qikiqtani Truth Commission. Community Histories 1950-1975. Cape Dorset.</em> Iqaluit, Nunavut, Inhabit Media Inc., 44 pp.</p><p class="Reference">Reichenbach, H.G.L. (1832) <em>Flora Germanica Excursoria 2</em>. Lipsiae, Carolm Cnobloch.</p><p class="Reference">Rannie, W.F. (1986) Summer air temperature and number of vascular species in Arctic Canada. <em>Arctic</em> 39: 133–137.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic2060">https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic2060</a><strong></strong></p><p class="Reference">Retzius, A.J. (1783) <em>Observationes Botanicae 3</em>. Lipsiae [Leipzig], apud Siegfried Lebrecht Crusium.</p><p class="Reference">Robinson, B.L. (1908) Notes on the vascular plants of the north eastern United States. <em>Rhodora</em> 10: 29–35.</p><p class="Reference">Roshevitz, R.J. (Ed.) (1934) <em>Gramineae-Gen</em>. Institutum botanicum Academiae scientiarum URSS, 188–297 pp.</p><p class="Reference">Rottbøll, C.F. (1770) Afhandling om en Deel enten ganske nye eller vel forhen bekiendte, men dog for os rare Planter, som i Island og Grønland ere fundne, tilligemed en kort Indledning om Urtelærens Tilstand i Dannemark. Skrifter, som udi det Kiöbenhavnske Selskab af lærdom og Elskere ere fremlagte og oplæste. <em>Skrifter, som udi det Kiøbenhavnske Selskab af Laerdoms og Videnskabers Elskere ere Fremlagte og oplaeste</em> 10: 393–462.</p><p class="Reference">Rouy, G.C.C. &amp; Foucaud, J. (1893) <em>Flore de France: ou, Description des plantes qui croissent spontanément en France en Corse et en Alsace-Lorraine 1</em>. Asnieres, chez G. Rouy, 264 pp.</p><p class="Reference">Ruprecht, F.J. (1850) Flora Boreali-Uralensis: Ueber die Verbreitung der Pflanzen im nördlichen Ural. Nach den Ergebnissen der Ural-Expedition in den Jahren 1847-1848. <em>Beitraege zur Pflanzenkunde des Russischen Reiches</em> 2: 1–49.</p><p class="Reference">Saarela, J.M., Gillespie, L.J., Consaul, L.L. &amp; Bull, R.D. (2013a) Annotated checklist to the vascular plant flora of Tuktut Nogait National Park and the Melville Hills region (Canadian Low Arctic). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 102: 1–177.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.102.1.1">https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.102.1.1</a></p><p class="Reference">Saarela, J.M., Sokoloff, P.C. &amp; Bull, R.D. (2017) Vascular plant biodiversity of the lower Coppermine River valley and vicinity (Nunavut, Canada): an annotated checklist of an Arctic flora. <em>PeerJ</em> 5: e2835.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2835">https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2835</a></p><p class="Reference">Saarela, J.M., Sokoloff, P.C., Gillespie, L.J., Bull, R.D., Bennett, B.A. &amp; Ponomarenko, S. (2020) Vascular plants of Victoria Island (Northwest Territories and Nunavut, Canada): a specimen-based study of an Arctic flora. <em>Phytokeys</em> 141: 1–330.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.141.48810">https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.141.48810</a></p><p class="Reference">Saarela, J.M., Sokoloff, P.C., Gillespie, L.J., Consaul, L.L. &amp; Bull, R.D. (2013b) DNA barcoding the Canadian Arctic flora: core plastid barcodes (<em>rbcL</em> + <em>matK</em>) for 490 vascular plant species. <em>PLOS ONE</em> 8: e77982.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077982">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077982</a></p><p class="Reference">Samuelsson, G. (1922) Zwei neue <em>Epilobium</em>-Arten aus der Arktis. <em>Botaniska notiser</em> 1922: 259–267.</p><p class="Reference">Sanborn-Barrie, M., St-Onge, M., Young, M. &amp; James, D. (2008) Bedrock geology of southwestern Baffin Island, Nunavut: expanding the tectonostratigraphic framework with relevance to mineral resources. <em>Geological Survey of Canada, Current Research</em> 6: 1–16.</p><p class="Reference">Savile, D.B.O. (1959) The botany of Somerset Island, District of Franklin. <em>Canadian Journal of Botany</em> 37: 959–1002.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.1139/b59-080">https://doi.org/10.1139/b59-080</a></p><p class="Reference">Savile, D.B.O. (1961) The botany of the northwestern Queen Elizabeth Islands. <em>Canadian Journal of Botany</em> 39: 909–942.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.1139/b61-078">https://doi.org/10.1139/b61-078</a></p><p class="Reference">Savile, D.B.O. (1964) General ecology and vascular plants of the Hazen Camp area. <em>Arctic</em> 17: 237–258.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic3507">https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic3507</a></p><p class="Reference">Schkuhr, C. (1801) <em>Beschreibung und Abbildung der Theils bekannten, Theils noch nicht beschriebenen Arten von Riedgräsern nach eigenen Beobachtungen und vergrösserter Darstellung der kleinsten Theile</em>. Wittenberg, zu finden bey dem Verfasser, 128 pp.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/http:/dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.16649">https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.16649</a></p><p class="Reference">Schofield, W.B. &amp; Cody, W.J. (1955) Botanical investigations on coastal southern Cornwallis Island, Franklin District, N.W.T. <em>Canadian Field-Naturalist</em> 69: 116–128.</p><p class="Reference">Schouten, Y. &amp; Veldkamp, J.F. (1985) A revision of <em>Anthoxanthum </em>including <em>Hierochloe </em>(Gramineae) in Malesia and Thailand. <em>Blumea</em> 30: 319–351.</p><p class="Reference">Schwarzenbach, F.H. (2010) <em>Botanical observations on the Penny Highlands of Baffin Island</em>. Herstellung und Verlag, Books on Demand GmbH, Norderstedt.</p><p class="Reference">Scopoli, J.A. (1771) <em>Flora carniolica exhibens plantas carniolae indigenas et distributas in classes naturales cum differentiis specificis, synonymis recentiorum, locis natalibus, nominibus incolarum, observationibus selectis, viribus medicis. Editio Secunda</em> 1. Wien, Impensis Joannis Pauli Krauss, 448 pp.</p><p class="Reference">Scribner, F.L. (1899) American Grasses--II. (Illustrated). <em>Bulletin, Division of Agrostology, United States Department of Agriculture </em>17: 1–349.</p><p class="Reference">Sennikov, A.N. &amp; Illarionova, I.D. (2008) Generic delimitation of the subtribe Ixeridinae newly segregated from Crepidiinae (Asteraceae-Lactuceae). <em>Komarovia</em> 5: 57–115.</p><p class="Reference">Skarpaas, O., Elven, R. &amp; Nordal, I. (2004) Genetic variation and biogeography of <em>Mertensia maritima </em>(Boraginaceae). <em>Nordic Journal of Botany</em> 24: 583–592.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2004.tb01643.x">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2004.tb01643.x</a></p><p class="Reference">Smith, G.W. (2014) <em>A historical and legal study of sovereignty in the Canadian north: terrestrial sovereignty, 1870-1939 [Edited by P.W. Lackenbauer]</em>. Calgary, Alberta, University of Calgary Press.</p><p class="Reference">Sokoloff, P.C. (2015) The flora of Cunningham Inlet, Somerset Island, Nunavut: history, analysis, and new collections of vascular plants, mosses, lichens, and algae. <em>Canadian Field-Naturalist</em> 129: 24–37.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v129i1.1664">https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v129i1.1664</a></p><p class="Reference">Soper, J.D. (1928) A faunal investigation of southern Baffin Island. <em>National Museum of Canada, Bulletin</em> 53: 1–143.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.4095/305999">https://doi.org/10.4095/305999</a></p><p class="Reference">Soper, J.D. (1930a) Explorations in Baffin Island. <em>Geographical Journal</em> 75: 435–443.</p><p class="Reference">Soper, J.D. (1930b) Explorations in Foxe Peninsula and along the West Coast of Baffin Island. <em>Geographical Review</em> 20: 397–424.</p><p class="Reference">Soper, J.D. (1944) The mammals of southern Baffin Island, Northwest Territories, Canada. <em>Journal of Mammalogy</em> 25: 221–254.</p><p class="Reference">Soper, J.H. &amp; Powell, J.M. (1985) Botanical studies in the Lake Hazen region, northern Ellesmere Island, Northwest Territories, Canada. <em>Publications in Natural Sciences, National Museum of Natural Sciences</em> 5: 1–67.</p><p class="Reference">Soreng, R.J. (2003) <em>Anthoxanthum </em>L. <em>In:</em> R. J. Soreng, P. M. Peterson, G. Davidse, E. J. Judziewicz, F. O. Zuloaga, T. S. Filgueiras &amp; O. Morrone (Eds), <em>Catalogue of New World Grasses (Poaceae): IV. Subfamily Pooideae</em>. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, pp. 111–115.</p><p class="Reference">Statistics Canada (2019) Census of Population, 2016: Cape Dorset, Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Available from: <a href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&amp;Geo1=CSD&amp;Code1=6204007&amp;Geo2=CD&amp;Code2=6204&amp;Data=Count&amp;SearchText=Cape%20Dorset&amp;SearchType=Begins&amp;SearchPR=01&amp;B1=All&amp;GeoLevel=PR&amp;GeoCode=6204007&amp;TABID=11">https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&amp;Geo1=CSD&amp;Code1=6204007&amp;Geo2=CD&amp;Code2=6204&amp;Data=Count&amp;SearchText=Cape%20Dorset&amp;SearchType=Begins&amp;SearchPR=01&amp;B1=All&amp;GeoLevel=PR&amp;GeoCode=6204007&amp;TABID=11</a> (accessed 27 February 2020)</p><p class="Reference">Steere, W.C. (1939) Bryophyta of Arctic America. II. Species collected by J. Dewey Soper, principally in southern Baffin Island. <em>American Midland Naturalist</em> 21: 355–367.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.2307/2420541">https://doi.org/10.2307/2420541</a></p><p class="Reference">Swallen, J.R. (1944) The Alaskan species of <em>Puccinellia</em>. <em>Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences</em> 34: 16–24.</p><p class="Reference">Swartz, O. (1799) Botanifke Anmärkningar; famt Befkrifning på en Svenfk och hittils okänd <em>Spergula stricta</em>. <em>Kongl. Vetenskaps Academiens Nya Handlingar</em> 20: 229–238.</p><p class="Reference">Testo, W., Haines, A. &amp; Gilman, A.V. (2016) <em>Huperzia continentalis </em>(Lycopodiaceae), a new species of gemmiferous firmoss separated from <em>Huperzia haleakalae</em>. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 41: 894–901.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.1600/036364416x693982">https://doi.org/10.1600/036364416x693982</a></p><p class="Reference">The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group (2016) A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns. <em>Journal of Systematics and Evolution</em> 54: 563–603.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12229">https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12229</a></p><p class="Reference">Thiers, B. (continuously updated) Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden, New York. Available from: <a href="http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/">http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/</a> (accessed 23 September 2020)</p><p class="Reference">Tolmachev, A.I. (1971) <em>Arkticheskaia Flora SSSR [Flora of the Russian Arctic] 6</em>. Impensis Academiae Scientiarum SSSR Institutum Botanicum Moscow and Leningrad, 248 pp.</p><p class="Reference">Trautvetter, E.R. (1879) Flora terrae Tschuktschorum. <em>Trudy Imperatorskago S.-Peterburgskago botanicheskago sada</em> 6: 1–40.</p><p class="Reference">Trinius, C.B. (1830) Graminum genera quaedem speciesque complures définitionibus noves. <em>Mémoires de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg. Sixième Série. Sciences Mathématiques, Physiques et Naturelles. Seconde Partie: Sciences Naturelles</em> 1: 353–416.</p><p class="Reference">Turczaninow, N.S. (1843) Flora baicalensi-dahurica seu descriptio plantarum in regionibus cis-et transbaicalensibus atque in Dahuria sponte nascentium. <em>Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou</em> 16: 585–644.</p><p class="Reference">Tzvelev, N.N. (1964) Gramineae. <em>In:</em> Tolmachev, A. I. (Ed.) <em>Arkticheskaya Flora SSSR (Flora Arctica URSS)</em>, USSR Academy of Sciences, V.I. Komarov Botanical Institute.</p><p class="Reference">Vahl, M. (1798) <em>Stellaria gronlandica </em>og <em>Dryas integrifolia</em>. <em>4</em> 2: 169–172.</p><p class="Reference">Villars, D. (1786) <em>Histoire des plantes de Dauphiné. Contenant une Préface Historique, un Dictionnaire des Termes de Botanique, les Classes, les Familles, les Genres, &amp; les Herborisations des Environs de Grenoble, de la Grande Chartreuse, de Briançon, de Gap &amp; de Montelimar</em> 1. Grenoble, chez l’auteur, 467 pp.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.116232">https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.116232</a></p><p class="Reference">Vincent, W.F. (2020) Arctic Climate Change: Local Impacts, Global Consequences, and Policy Implications. <em>In:</em> K. S. Coates &amp; C. Holroyd (Eds), <em>The Palgrave Handbook of Arctic Policy and Politics</em>. Cham, Springer International Publishing, pp. 507–526.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20557-7_31">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20557-7_31</a></p><p class="Reference">Vowles, T. &amp; Björk, R.G. (2019) Implications of evergreen shrub expansion in the Arctic. <em>Journal of Ecology</em> 107: 650–655.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13081">https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13081</a></p><p class="Reference">Wahlenberg, G. (1812) <em>Flora lapponica exhibens plantas geographice et botanice consideratas, in Lapponiis suecicis scilicet Umensi, Pitensi, Lulensi, Tornensi et Kemensi nec non Lapponiis norvegicis scilicet Nordlandia et Finmarkia utraque indigenas, et itineribus annorum 1800, 1802, 1807 et 1810 denuo investigatas</em>. Berlin, in Taberna Libraría Scholae realis, 550 pp.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.41432">https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.41432</a></p><p class="Reference">Walker, D.A., Raynolds, M.K., Daniëls, F.J.A., Einarsson, E., Elvebakk, A., Gould, W.A., Katenin, A.E., Kholod, S.S., Markon, C.J. &amp; Melnikov, E.S. (2005) The circumpolar Arctic vegetation map. <em>Journal of Vegetation Science</em> 16: 267–282.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.1658/1100-9233(2005)016%5b0267:tcavm%5d2.0.co;2">https://doi.org/10.1658/1100-9233(2005)016[0267:tcavm]2.0.co;2</a></p><p class="Reference">Ward, S.E. (1996) Collaborative research in Nunavut: the case of the Mallik Island Park Study, Cape Dorset, NT. Master of Natural Resources Management practicum, Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, 235 pp.</p><p class="Reference">Wiegleb, G., Bobrov, A.A. &amp; Zalewska-Galosz, J. (2017) A taxonomic account of <em>Ranunculus </em>section <em>Batrachium </em>(Ranunculaceae). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 319 (1): 1–55.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.319.1.1">https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.319.1.1</a></p><p>Willdenow, C.L. (1799) <em>Species plantarum. Editio quarta</em> 2(1). Berolini [Berlin], G.C. Nauk, 823 pp.</p>