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Issue: Vol. 17 No. 2: In progress
Type: Article
Published: 2025-06-24
DOI: 10.11646/megataxa.17.2.2
Page range: 291-342
Abstract views: 40
PDF downloaded: 12

Staphylinoid beetles in Lower Cretaceous Hkamti amber from northern Myanmar (Coleoptera: Polyphaga: Staphylinoidea): An overview

The Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Kita 10-jo, Nishi 8-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
Staphyliniformia fossil Burmese amber Albian new species paleontology

Abstract

A super-rich and extremely diverse assemblage of insect fossils has been well-documented from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber (ca. 99 Ma) in the Kachin State of northern Myanmar. In contrast, only four beetle (Coleoptera) species have formally been described from the slightly older Lower Cretaceous Hkamti (Khamti) amber (ca. 110 Ma), also originating from northern Myanmar’s Sagaing Region. The polyphagan beetle superfamily Staphylinoidea, encompassing approximately 75,000 species, is among the largest superfamilies in the animal kingdom. This study records 11 staphylinoid fossils, providing a comprehensive overview of the Hkamti amber biota. These fossils were classified into three families (Hydraenidae, Colonidae, and Staphylinidae). The highest paleodiversity was observed in the rove beetle family Staphylinidae; nine specimens from six staphylinid subfamilies (Osoriinae, Tachyporinae, Aleocharinae, Steninae, Solieriinae, and Scydmaeninae) were identified. With the exception of Steninae, all are reported for the first time from Hkamti amber. Notably, the discoveries of colonid, osoriine, aleocharine, and stenine (previously recorded) beetles represent the oldest known fossils for these groups. Additionally, the hydraenid and tachyporine fossils are the earliest biological amber inclusions reported for their respective familiy or subfamiliy. Three new species are herein described: Colonellus (Colonellus) hkamtiensis sp. nov. (Colonidae), Cretochirus elongatus sp. nov. (Staphylinidae: Osoriinae: Leptochirini), and Prosolierius antennatus sp. nov. (Staphylinidae: Solieriinae). These findings underscore the presence of a potentially diverse Staphylinoidea paleofauna in Hkamti amber, although it remains likely underestimated, warranting further investigation. This study highlights a striking similarity in entomofaunal composition between the Hkamti and Kachin amber deposits, supporting a previously suggested close affinity between the two. Additionally, the fossils described here provide valuable calibration points for future molecular dating analyses.

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