Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Monograph
Published: 2020-07-14
Page range: 1–67
Abstract views: 66
PDF downloaded: 7

Scolytodes Ferrari (Coleoptera, Scolytinae) from Ecuador: 40 new species,
and a molecular phylogenetic guide to infer species differences

University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen.
Department of Entomology, Michigan State University.
Coleoptera 28S canopy fogging COI Ecuador EF-1α molecular phylogeny Scolytodes

Abstract

The genus Scolytodes Ferrari is a highly diverse group of Neotropical bark beetles. Recent collecting by hand and canopy fogging in Ecuador produced many new records. Overlap in species composition between samples from the canopy and the ground was very low, and canopy fogging revealed the highest proportion of undescribed species. Altogether we report records for 55 species of Scolytodes from Ecuador, including 40 species new to science: Scolytodes pseudoatratus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes latipes Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes sloanae Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes samamae Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes otongae Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes chaplini Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes projectus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes lubricus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes inordinatus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes cancellatus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes jubatus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes abbreviatus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes stramineus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes teres Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes animus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes pseudoanimus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes bombycinus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes bisetosus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes horridus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes virgatus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes criniger Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes pseudocrassus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes semicrassus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes pseudolepidus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes semilepidus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes fortis Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes peniculus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes tristis Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes chrysifrons Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes amictus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes cnesinoides Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes maestus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes vietus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes echinus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes rufifrons Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes arcuatus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes validus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes sparsus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes lapillus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes coronatus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov. We also provide the first description of the female and a new country record for Scolytodes grandis (Schedl, 1962) (=Scolytodes glaberrimus Wood, 1972 syn. nov.) and a redescription and new country record for Scolytodes pilifrons (Schedl, 1962). The total number of valid species is now 287. Additional new country records were established for Scolytodes acuminatus Wood, 1969, Scolytodes comosus Jordal and Kirkendall, 2019, Scolytodes costabilis Wood, 1974, Scolytodes glabrescens Wood, 1972, Scolytodes impressus Wood, 1969, Scolytodes nitidus (Eggers, 1928), Scolytodes striatus (Eggers, 1934), Scolytodes tucumani Wood, 2007, and from another Hexacolini genus, Pycnarthrum fulgidum Wood, 1977. The first molecular phylogeny for Scolytodes is provided and used primarily to guide the inference of species validity. Molecular data from COI, 28S and EF-1α revealed substantial genetic divergence between morphologically very similar but diagnosable species.

 

References

  1. Alonso-Zarazaga, M.A. & Lyal, C.H.C. (2009) A catalogue of family and genus group names in Scolytinae and Platypodinae with nomenclatural remarks (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa, 2258 (1), 1–134.

    https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2258.1.1

    Arndt, E., Kirmse, S. & Erwin, T.L. (2001) Arboreal beetles of Neotropical forests: Agra Fabricius, larval descriptions with notes on natural history and behaviour (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Agrina). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 55, 297–310.

    https://doi.org/10.1649/0010-065X(2001)055[0297:ABONFA]2.0.CO;2

    Bright, D.E. (2019) A taxonomic monograph of the bark and ambrosia beetles of the West Indies (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea: Scolytidae). Studies on West Indian Scolytidae (Coleoptera) 7. Occasional Papers of the Florida State Collection of Arthropods, 12, 1–491.

    Bright, D.E. & Torres, J.A. (2006) Studies on West Indian Scolytidae (Coleoptera). 4. A review of the Scolytidae of Puerto Rico, USA, with descriptions of one new genus, fourteen new species and notes on new synonymy. Koleopterologische Rundschau, 76, 389–428.

    Cognato, A.I. (2018) Callibora Cognato (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini), a new genus of xyleborine ambrosia beetle from Ecuador. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 72, 801–804.

    https://doi.org/10.1649/0010-065X-72.4.801

    Dole, S.A. (2008) Biodiversity of tropical Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, PhD dissertation thesis, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 301 pp.

    Dole, S.A. & Cognato, A.I. (2007) A new genus and species of Bothrosternina (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from Ecuador. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 61, 318–325.

    https://doi.org/10.1649/0010-065X(2007)61[318:ANGASO]2.0.CO;2

    Erwin, T.L. (1988) The tropical forest canopy: the heart of biotic diversity. In: Wilson, E.O. (Ed.), Biodiversity. National Academy Press, Washington D.C., pp. 123–129.

    Erwin, T.L., Pimienta, M.C., Murillo, O.E. & Aschero, V. (2005) Mapping patterns of β—diversity for beetles across the Western Amazon Basin: A preliminary case for improving inventory methods and conservation strategies. Proceedings of the California Academy of Science, 56, 72–85.

    Hulcr, J., Kolarik, M. & Kirkendall, L.R. (2007) A new record of fungus-beetle symbiosis in Scolytodes bark beetles (Scolytinae, Curculionidae, Coleoptera). Symbiosis, 43, 151–159.

    Jordal, B.H. (1998a) New species and new records of Scolytodes Ferrari (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) from Costa Rica and Panama. Revista Biologica Tropical, 46, 407–420.

    Jordal, B.H. (1998b) A review of Scolytodes Ferrari (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) associated with Cecropia (Cecropiaceae) in the northern Neotropics. Journal of Natural History, 32, 31–84.

    https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939800770031

    Jordal, B.H. (2013) New species and records of Scolytodes (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from South America. Zootaxa, 3721 (6), 529–551.

    https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3721.6.2

    Jordal, B.H. (2018) Hidden gems in museum cabinets: new species and new distributional records of Scolytodes (Coleoptera: Scolytinae). Zootaxa, 4504 (1), 076–104.

    https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4504.1.4

    Jordal, B.H. & Kirkendall, L.R. (1998) Ecological relationships of a guild of tropical beetles breeding in Cecropia leafstalks in Costa Rica. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 14, 153–176.

    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467498000133

    Jordal, B.H. & Kirkendall, L.R. (2019) Rainforest and cloud forest Scolytodes (Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Hexacolini) from the Arthropods of La Selva (ALAS) inventory in Costa Rica: new species, new synonymy, new records. ZooKeys, 863, 1–34.

    https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.863.33183

    Jordal, B.H., Sequeira, A.S. & Cognato, A.I. (2011) The age and phylogeny of wood boring weevils and the origin of subsociality. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 59, 708–724.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2011.03.016

    Kambestad, M., Kirkendall, L.R., Knutsen, I.L. & Jordal, B.H. (2017) Cryptic and pseudo-cryptic diversity in the world’s most common bark beetle—Hypothenemus eruditus. Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 17, 633–652.

    https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-017-0334-6

    Kirkendall, L.R., Biedermann, P.H.W. & Jordal, B.H. (2015) Diversity and evolution of bark beetles. In: Vega, F. & Hofstetter, R. (Eds.), Bark beetles: biology and ecology of native and invasive species. Elsevier, London, pp. 85–156.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-417156-5.00003-4

    Lucky, A., Erwin, T.L. & Witman, J.D. (2002) Temporal and spatial diversity and distribution of arboreal Carabidae (Coleoptera) in a western Amazonian rain forest. Biotropica, 34, 376–386.

    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2002.tb00551.x

    Nikulina, T., Mandelshtam, M.Y., Petrov, A.V., Nazarenko, V. & Yunakov, N. (2015) A survey of the weevils of Ukraine. Bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Platypodinae and Scolytinae). Zootaxa, 3912 (1), 1–61.

    https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3912.1.1

    Page, R.E. & Willis, M.A. (1982) Sexual dimorphism in ventral abdominal setae in Scolytus multistriatus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae): possible role in courtship behaviour. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 76, 78–82.

    https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/76.1.78

    Petrov, A.V. & Mandelshtam, M.Y. (2007) A new species of the genus Scolytodes Ferrari (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from Peru. Russian Entomological Journal, 16, 451–452.

    Rambaut, A., Suchard, M.A., Xie, D. & Drummond, A.J. (2014) Tracer. Version 1.6. Available from: http://beast.bio.ed.ac.uk/Tracer (accessed 1 July 2020)

    Rice, M.E. & Erwin, T.L. (2015) She had a black eye and in her arm she held a skunk. ZooKeys, 500, 9–24.

    https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.500.9772

    Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: Efficient Bayesian Phylogenetic Inference and Model Choice Across a Large Model Space. Systematic Biology, 61, 539–542.

    https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029

    Smith, S.M. & Cognato, A.I. (2010) A taxonomic revision of Camptocerus Dejean (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Insecta Mundi, 148, 1–88.

    Stevens, G.C. (1992) The elevational gradient in altitudinal range: an extension of Rapoport’s latitudinal rule to altitude. The American Naturalist, 140, 893–911.

    https://doi.org/10.1086/285447

    Swofford, D. (2002) PAUP*. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and other methods). Version 4. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts. [program]

    Wood, S.L. (1982) The bark and ambrosia beetles of North and Central America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), a taxonomic monograph. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs, 6, 1–1359.

    Wood, S.L. (2007) Bark and ambrosia beetles of South America (Coleoptera, Scolytidae). Brigham Young University Press, Provo, Utah, 900 pp.