Abstract
The alpheid genus Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955 is reported from Kuwait for the first time, with two species. One species, Salmoneus ikaros sp. nov., is described based on a single specimen from Failaka Island, extracted from the burrow of the callianassid ghost-shrimp Balsscallichirus masoomi (Tirmizi, 1970), together with the host. The new species is characterised by its peculiar eyes, which together with other characters separate it from all previously described species of Salmoneus. The second species, Salmoneus gracilipes Miya, 1972, is reported from Kuwait based on three specimens from two different localities and different habitats. Two specimens were found under coral rocks at a depth of about 7 m off Kubbar Island, whereas the third specimen was extracted from the burrow of the echiuran worm, Listriolobus cf. brevirostris Chen & Yeh, 1958, at the type locality of S. ikaros sp. nov. at Failaka Island. Material identified as S. gracilipes from across its wide distribution range appears to be morphologically heterogeneous, possibly containing more than one species, and thus will need further studies.
References
Anker, A. (2001) Taxonomie et évolution des Alpheidae (Crustacea, Decapoda). Vols. 1 & 2. PhD Thesis, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 547 + 331 pp.
Anker, A. (2003) New records of Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae) from northern Australia, with description of one new species and remarks on S. serratidigitus (Coutière, 1896). Beagle—Records of the Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, 19, 101–109.
Anker, A. (2010) The shrimp genus Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae) in the tropical western Atlantic, with description of five new species. Zootaxa, 2372 (1), 177–205.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2839.1.3
Anker, A. (2011) Three new species of the alpheid shrimp genus Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955 (Crustacea, Decapoda) from the tropical western Pacific. Zootaxa, 2839 (1), 67–84.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2839.1.3
Anker, A. (2019) On three symbiotic species of the alpheid shrimp genus Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955 from the Indo-West Pacific, including one new to science (Malacostraca: Decapoda: Caridea). Zootaxa, 4651 (1), 051–063.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4651.1.3
Anker, A. & Ashrafi, H. (2019) Salmoneus durisi sp. nov., an infaunal alpheid shrimp probably associated with callianassid ghost shrimps in the tropical Indo-West Pacific (Malacostraca: Decapoda: Caridea). Zootaxa, 4651 (1), 064–074.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4651.1.4
Anker, A., Firdaus, M. & Pratama, I.S. (2014) Salmoneus yoyo nov. sp., a peculiar new infaunal shrimp from Lombok, Indonesia (Decapoda, Caridea, Alpheidae). Zootaxa, 3852 (4), 489–495.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3852.4.6
Anker, A. & Marin, I.N. (2006) New records and species of Alpheidae (Crustacea, Decapoda) from Vietnam. Part I. Genus Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 54, 295–319.
Anker, A., Pratama, I.S., Firdaus, M. & Rahayu, D.L. (2015) On some interesting marine decapod crustaceans (Alpheidae, Laomediidae, Strahlaxiidae) from Lombok, Indonesia. Zootaxa, 3911 (3), 301–342.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3911.3.1
Banner, A.H. & Banner, D.M. (1966) Contributions to the knowledge of the alpheid shrimp of the Pacific Ocean. Part X. Collections from Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa. Pacific Science, 20, 145–188.
Banner, D.M. & Banner, A.H. (1981) Annotated checklist of the alpheid shrimp of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 190, 1–99.
Chen, Y. & Yeh, C. (1958) Notes on some Gephyrea of China with description of four new species. Acta Zoologica Sinica, 10, 265–278.
Coutière, H. (1897a) Note sur quelques genres nouveaux ou peu connus d’Alphéidés, formant la sous-famille des Alpheopsidés. Bulletin du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, 2, 380–386.
Coutière, H. (1897b) Notes sur quelques Alphéidés nouveaux ou peu connus rapportés de Djibouti (Afrique Orientale). Bulletin du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, 3, 233–236.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.19259
Coutière, H. (1899) Les “Alpheidae”, morphologie externe et interne, formes larvaires, bionomie. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, Série 8, 9, 1–560, pls. 1–6. [Masson, Paris]
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.13143
De Grave, S. (2004) A new species of Salmoneus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae) from Palau. Bulletin de l’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Biologie, 74, 41–48.
De Man, J.G. (1910) Diagnoses of new species of macrurous decapod Crustacea from the “Siboga Expedition”. Tijdschrift der Nederlandsche Dierkundige Vereeniging, 2 (11), 287–319.
Ďuriš, Z. & Horká, I. (2016) Salmoneus chadwickae, a new alpheid shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae) from the Red Sea, with remarks on related or regional congeners. Marine Biodiversity, 46, 773–793.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-015-0427-4
Edmondson, C.H. (1930) New Hawaiian Crustacea. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers, 9, 3–18, pl. 1.
Felder, D.L. & Manning, R.B. (1986) A new genus and two new species of alpheid shrimps (Decapoda: Caridea) from South Florida. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 6, 497–508.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1548189
Hayashi, K.-I. (1995) Prawns, shrimps and lobsters from Japan (85). Family Alpheidae - genera Automate and Salmoneus. Aquabiology, 101 (17), 520–524.
Holthuis, L.B. (1955) The recent genera of the caridean and stenopodidean shrimps (class Crustacea, order Decapoda, supersection Natantia) with keys for their determination. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 26, 1–157.
Holthuis, L.B. (1958) Contributions to the knowledge of the Red Sea. N°. 8. Crustacea Decapoda from the Northern Red Sea (Gulf of Aqaba and Sinai Peninsula). I. Macrura. Bulletin of the Sea Fisheries Research Station Haifa, 17, 1–40.
Kazmi, M.A. (1974) Salmoneus brevirostris (Edmondson) (Alpheidae, Caridea) from Indian Ocean. Crustaceana, 27, 310–312.
https://doi.org/10.1163/156854074X00866
Kazmi, M.A. & Kazmi, Q.B. (1979) A check-list of marine caridean prawns of Pakistan. Biologia, 25, 151–157.
Komai, T. & Anker, A. (2012) A distinctive new species of the alpheid genus Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) from the northwestern Pacific. Zootaxa, 3344 (1), 60–68.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3344.1.4
Komai, T., Yamada, Y. & Yunokawa, Y. (2015) A new cave-dwelling species of the alpheid shrimp genus Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) from the Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan. Zootaxa, 4028 (3), 413–420.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4028.3.6
Koo, H. & Kim, W. (2003) First report of the alpheid shrimp Salmoneus gracilipes (Decapoda: Caridea: Alpheidae) from Korea. The Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology, 19, 43–48.
Naderloo, R. & Türkay, M. (2012) Decapod crustaceans of the littoral and shallow sublittoral Iranian coast of the Persian Gulf: faunistics, biodiversity and zoogeography. Zootaxa, 3374 (1), 1–67.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3374.1.1
Naderloo, R., Türkay, M. & Sari, A. (2013) Intertidal habitats and decapod (Crustacea) diversity of Qeshm Island, a biodiversity hotspot within the Persian Gulf. Marine Biodiversity, 43, 445–462.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-013-0174-3
Miya, Y. (1972) The Alpheidae (Crustacea Decapoda) of Japan and its adjacent waters. Part I. Publications from the Amakusa Marine Biological Laboratory, Kyushu University, 3, 23–101, pls. 1–14.
Miya, Y. (1984) Alpheid shrimps from the Truks, Ponape and Majuro Atolls (Crustacea Decapoda). Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology, Tokyo, 27, 67–100.
Miya, Y. (1995) Four species of Alpheus from intertidal and shallow water mudflats in the Sea of Ariake, Kyushu, Japan (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae). Bulletin of the Faculty of Liberal Arts, Nagasaki University, Natural Science, 35, 271–288.
Sheibani-Tezerji, R. (2008) Taxonomy and zoogeography of littoral caridean shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) of the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, University of Tehran, Tehran, 144 pp. [in Farsi with English abstract, not seen]
Tirmizi, N.M. (1970) A new species of Callianassa (Decapoda, Thalassinidea) from West Pakistan. Crustaceana, 19, 245–250.
https://doi.org/10.1163/156854070X00329