Abstract
The viviparous genus Barathronus Goode & Bean, 1886 is known from 11 species. Examination of 68 specimens, not earlier published upon, and re-examination of older material have resulted in taxonomical changes and new distributions. B. unicolor Nielsen, 1984 has become a junior synonym of B. pacificus Nielsen & Eagle, 1974, now known from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The number of specimens of B. parfaiti Vaillant, 1888 is restricted to the holotype and a specimen from off the Azores (MOM P01-0003665), often referred to B. parfaiti, represents a new species, B. roulei, herein described. B. diaphanus Brauer, 1906 is now recorded from off Madagascar eastwards to Tonga and Fiji Islands.
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