Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 46 No. 1: 29 Dec. 2023
Type: Article
Published: 2023-12-29
DOI: 10.11646/bde.46.1.4
Page range: 10-34
Abstract views: 1047
PDF downloaded: 221

Kahakuloa operculispora, a new Hawaiian simple thalloid liverwort in a new genus and family, Kahakuloaceae (Fossombroniales)

Biology Department, Chemistry Biology Building, University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point, WI 54481-3897, USA, Herbarium Pacificum, Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice Street, Honolulu, HI, 96817, USA
Biology Department, Chemistry Biology Building, University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point, WI 54481-3897, USA, Herbarium Pacificum, Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice Street, Honolulu, HI, 96817, USA
Australian National Herbarium CANB, Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (a joint venture between Parks Australia and CSIRO). GPO Box 1777, Canberra, ACT. Australia 2601
Royal Botanic Garden, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, Scotland
Meise Botanic Garden, 1860 Meise, Belgium
Plant Extinction Prevention Program, Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawaiʻi, P.O. Box 909, Makawao, Hawaiʻi, 96768, USA
Plant Extinction Prevention Program, Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawaiʻi, P.O. Box 909, Makawao, Hawaiʻi, 96768, USA
Biology Department, Chemistry Biology Building, University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point, WI 54481-3897, USA
Hawaiʻi Kahakuloa liverwort Marchantiophyta Fossombroniineae

Abstract

Kahakuloa operculispora, a new simple thalloid liverwort endemic to Hawaiʻi, so far only known from high elevation bogs in western Maui, is described and illustrated. The thallus has prominent reddish-purple rhizoids, uniseriate ventral slime papillae and lacks scales. The plants are dioicous; male plants have antheridia sunken in several rows of dorsal chambers, subtended by scales, while female plants have clustered archegonia enclosed by thick, barrel-shaped involucres that develop serially at the plant apex, before fertilization, and are arranged in a single dorsal row at maturity; perichaetial scales and pseudoperianths (defined as involucres developing after fertilization) are lacking. The capsules are spherical, 2−3 stratose, and dehisce irregularly; the spores are areolate and have a unique operculum-like disk on the proximal face. Molecular and morphological evidence supports placement of the plant in a new genus and family in the order Fossombroniales, suborder Fossombroniineae. Kahakuloa is the first liverwort genus endemic to Hawaiʻi, and Kahakuloaceae is the only known endemic Hawaiian land plant family.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

  1. Bechteler, J., Peñaloza-Bojacá, G., Bell, D., Burleigh, J.G., McDaniel, S.F., Davis, E.C., Sessa, E.B., Bippus, A., Cargill, D.C., Chantanoarrapint, S., Draper, I., Endara, L., Forrest, L.L., Garilleti, R., Graham, S.W., Huttunen, S., Jauregui Lazo, J., Lara, F., Larraín, J., Lewis, L.R., Long, D.G., Quandt, D., Renzaglia, K., Schäfer-Verwimp, A., Lee, G.E., Sierra, A.M., von Konrat, M., Zartman, C.E., Pereira, M.R., Goffinet, B. & Villarreal, J.C. (2023) Comprehensive phylogenomic time tree of bryophytes reveals deep relationships and uncovers gene incongruences in the last 500 million years of diversification. American Journal of Botany e16249. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.16249
  2. Breinholt, J.W., Carey, S.B., Tiley, G.P., Davis, E.C., Endara, L., McDaniel, S.F., Neves, L.G., Sessa, E.B., von Konrat, M., Chantanaorrapint, S., Fawcett, S., Ickert-Bond, S.M., Labiak, P.H., Larraín, J., Lehnert, M., Lewis, L.R., Nagalingum, N.S., Patel, N., Rensing, S.A., Testo, W., Vasco, A., Villarreal, J.C., Williams, E.W. & Burleigh, J.G. (2021) A target enrichment probe set for resolving the flagellate land plant tree of life. Applications in Plant Sciences 9: 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1002/aps3.11406
  3. Cargill, D.C. (2001) A taxonomic revision of Fossombronia and Sewardiella, suborder Fossombroniineae (Marchantiophyta, Metzgeriidae), within the continent of Africa, southwest Asia and the sub-continent of India. PhD dissertation, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale.
  4. Cargill, D.C., Milne, J., Forrest, L.L. & Gueidan, C. (2017) Disjunct populations of Monocarpus sphaerocarpus (Monocarpaceae, Marchantiopsida) within Australia show no sequence variation. Muelleria 35: 35–42. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.291984
  5. Choi, S.S., Bakalin, V.A., Bum, H.M., Park, S.J., Kim, D.S., Ahn, U.S. & Moon, M.-O. (2023) The liverwort and hornwort flora of Jeju Island, Republic of Korea: A volcanic island with a unique mixture of subtropical, temperate, boreal, and arctomontane taxa. Plants 12, 2384: 1–28. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12122384
  6. Clement, W.L., Tebbitt, M.C., Forrest, L.L., Blair, J.E., Brouillet, L., Eriksson, T. & Swensen, S.M. (2004) Phylogenetic position and biogeography of Hillebrandia sandwicensis (Begoniaceae): A rare Hawaiian relict. American Journal of Botany 91: 905–917. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.91.6.905.
  7. Crandall-Stotler, B.J., Stotler, R.E. & Ford, C.H. (2002) Contributions toward a monograph of Petalophyllum (Marchantiophyta). Novon 12: 334–337. https://doi.org/10.2307/3393075
  8. Crandall-Stotler, B.J., Forrest, L.L. & Stotler, R.E. (2005) Evolutionary trends in the simple thalloid liverworts (Marchantiophyta, Jungermanniopsida Subclass Metzgeriidae). Taxon 54: 299–316. https://doi.org/10.2307/25065359
  9. Crandall-Stotler, B.J., Stotler, R.E. & Long, D.G. (2009) Phylogeny and classification of the Marchantiophyta. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 66: 155–198. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960428609005393
  10. Daniels, A.E.D., Kariyappa, K.C. & Sreebha, R. (2014) On the occurrence of Calycularia crispula Mitt. (Calyculariaceae) in the Western Ghats, India. Acta Botanica Hungarica 56: 293–297. https://doi.org/10.1556/ABot.56.2014.3-4.5
  11. Engel J.J., Bardat, J. & Thouvenot, L. (2012) Studies on Lophocoleaceae XXI. Otoscyphus J.J. Engel, Bardat et Thouvenot, a new liverwort genus from New Caledonia with an unusual morphology. Cryptogamie, Bryologie, 33: 279–289. https://doi.org/10.7872/cryb.v33.iss3.2012.279
  12. Fawcett, S.E. & Smith, A.R. (2021) A generic revision of the Thelypteridaceae. Botanical Miscellany 59: 1–112.
  13. Forrest, L.L. & Crandall-Stotler, B.J. (2005) Progress towards a robust phylogeny for the liverworts, with particular focus on the simple thalloids. Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 97: 127–159. https://doi.org/10.2307/25065359
  14. Forrest, L.L., Davis, E.C., Long, D.G., Crandall-Stotler, B.J., Clark, A. & Hollingworth, M.L. (2006) Unraveling the evolutionary history of the liverworts (Marchantiophyta): Multiple taxa, genomes and analysis. The Bryologist 109: 303–334. https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745(2006)109[303:UTEHOT]2.0.CO;2
  15. Forrest, L.L. & Hart, M.L. (2023) DNA Barcoding Standard Operating Protocol, Plants and Lichens at RBGE, Lab. Methods: PCR and Sequencing (protocols.io).
  16. Freire, A.V. (2002) A revision of the genus Fossombronia in Latin America. PhD thesis, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL. 550 pp.
  17. Goebel, K. (1906) Archegoniatenstudien. X. Beiträge zur Kenntnis australischer und neuseeländischer Bryophyten. Flora 96: 1–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-1615(17)32719-2
  18. Gradstein, S.R., Churchill, S.P. & Salazar Allen, N. (2001) Guide to the bryophytes of tropical America. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 86: i–viii + 1–577.
  19. Gradstein, S.R. (2021) The liverworts and hornworts of Colombia and Ecuador. Memoirs of New York Botanical Garden 121: 1–723. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49450-6
  20. Gustafson, R.J., Herbst, D.R. & Rundel, P.W. (2014) Hawaiian Plant Life: Vegetation and Flora. University of Hawaiʻi Press, 336 pp.
  21. Herzog, T. (1941) Allisonia Herz., eine neue Gattung der Haplolaenaceae. Hedwigia 80 (1–2): 77–83.
  22. Kashyap, S.R. (1915) Morphological and biological notes on new and little-known West Himalayan liverworts. III. New Phytologist 14: 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1915.tb07159.x
  23. Konstantinova, N.A. & Mamontov, Y.S. (2010) A revision of the genus Calycularia Mitt. (Calyculariaceae, Marchantiophyta). Arctoa 19: 117–130. https://doi.org/10.15298/arctoa.19.09
  24. Kozlov, A.M, Darriba, D., Flouri, T., Morel, B. & Stamatakis, A. (2019) RAxML-NG: A fast, scalable, and user-friendly tool for maximum likelihood phylogenetic inference. Bioinformatics 35: 4453−4455. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz305
  25. Krayesky, D.M., Crandall-Stotler, B.J. & Stotler, R.E. (2005) A revision of the genus Fossombronia Raddi in East Asia and Oceania. Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 98: 1–45.
  26. Lee, G.E. & Gradstein, S.R. (2021) Guide to the Liverworts and Hornworts of Malaysia. Hattori Botanical Laboratory, 234 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49450-6
  27. Lorence, D.H. & Wood, K.R. (1994) Kanaloa, a new genus of Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) from Hawaiʻi. Taxon 4: 137–145. https://doi.org/10.2307/3391582
  28. Lui, P.L., Morden, C.W. & Manning, J. (2014) Phylogenetic relationships among dracaenoid genera (Asparagaceae: Nolinoideae) inferred from chloroplast DNA loci. Systematic Botany 39: 90–104. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364414X678035
  29. Miyake, K. (1899) Makinoa, a new genus of Hepaticae. Botanical Magazine, Tokyo 13: 23. https://doi.org/10.15281/jplantres1887.13.144_21
  30. Moonlight, P.W., Ardi, W.H., Padilla, L.A., Chung, K.-F., Fuller, D., Girmansyah, D., Hollands, R., Jara-Muñoz, A., Kiew, R., Leong, W.C., Liu, Y., Mahardika, A., Marasinghe, L.D.K., O’Connor, M., Peng, C.-I., Pérez, Á.J., Phutthai, T., Pullan, M., Rajbhandary, S., Reynel, C., Rubite, R.R., Julia, S., Scherberich, D., Shui, Y.-M., Tebbitt, M.C., Thomas, D.C., Wilson, H.P., Zaini, N.H. & Hughes, M. (2018) Dividing and conquering the fastest growing genus: Towards a natural sectional classification of the mega-diverse genus Begonia (Begoniaceae). Taxon 67: 267–323. https://doi.org/10.12705/672.3
  31. Müller, F. (2007) Meinungeria mouensis (Lepidoziaceae), a new genus and species from New Caledonia. The Bryologist 110: 494–499. https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745(2007)110[494:MMLANG]2.0.CO;2
  32. Pant, S., Tewari, S.D., Joshi, P., Bhandari, M. & Arya, R. (2023) Rediscovery of Sewardiella tuberifera Kash., a long-lost monotypic endemic Indian liverwort. Journal of Threatened Taxa 15: 22726–22730. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.7981.15.2.22726-22730
  33. Printarakul N., Sukkharak, P. & Chantanaorrapint, S. (2020) The genus Calycularia (Calyculariaceae, Marchantiophyta) in Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 47: 108–112. https://doi.org/10.20531/tfb.2019.47.1.14
  34. Pukui M.K. & Elbert, S.H. (1986) Hawaiian Dictionary. University of Hawaiʻi Press, Honolulu, xi + 572 pp. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780824842260
  35. Renzaglia, K.S. (1982) A comparative developmental investigation of the gametophytic generation in the Metzgeriales (Hepatophyta). Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 24: 1–249.
  36. Schuster, R.M. (1964) Studies on antipodal Hepaticae, IV. Metzgeriales. Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 27: 183–216.
  37. Schuster, R.M. (1992) The hepaticae and anthocerotae of North America. V. Columbia University Press, New York, 854 pp.
  38. Sherrod, D.R., Sinton, J.M., Watkins, S.E., & Brunt, K.M. (2007) Geologic Map of the State of Hawai`i: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007–1089, 83 p., 8 plates, scales 1:100,000 and 1:250,000, with GIS database.
  39. Sinton, J.M. (2012) Geologic history of Maui. [http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/Library/Sinton_Maui.pdf]
  40. Söderström, L., Hagborg, A., von Konrat, M., Bartholomew-Began, S., Bell, D., Briscoe, L., Brown, E., Cargill, D.C., Costa, D.P., Crandall-Stotler, B.J., Cooper, E.D., Dauphin, G., Engel, J.J., Feldberg, K., Glenny, D., Gradstein, S.R., He, X., Heinrichs, J., Hentschel, J., Ilkiu-Borges, A.L., Katagiri, T., Konstantinova, N.A., Larraín, J., Long, D.G., Nebel, M., Pócs, T., Puche, F., Reiner-Drehwald, E., Renner, M.A.M., Sass-Gyarmati, A., Schäfer-Verwimp, A., Segarra Moragues, J.G., Stotler, R.E., Sukkharak, P., Thiers, B.M., Uribe, J., Váňa, J., Villarreal, J.C., Wigginton, M., Zhang, L. & Zhu, R.-L. (2016) World checklist of hornworts and liverworts. PhytoKeys 59: 1–828. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.59.6261
  41. Staples, G.W., Imada, C.T., Hoe, W.J. & Smith, C.W. (2004) A revised checklist of Hawaiian mosses. Tropical Bryology 25: 35–69. https://doi.org/10.11646/bde.25.1.7
  42. Staples, G.W. & Imada, C.T. (2006) Checklist of Hawaiian anthocerotes and hepatics. Tropical Bryology 28: 15–47. https://doi.org/10.11646/bde.28.1.7
  43. Stone, B.C. (1967) A review of the endemic genera of Hawaiian plants. Botanical Review 33: 216–259. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02858638
  44. Stevens, P.F. (2023) “Begoniaceae”. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Available from: http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APWeb/orders/cucurbitalesweb.htm#Begoniaceae (accessed 1 October 2023)
  45. Stotler, R.E. & Crandall-Stotler, B.J. (2017) A synopsis of the liverwort flora of North America north of Mexico. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 102: 574–709. https://doi.org/10.3417/2016027
  46. Swofford, D.L. (2002) PAUP*. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and Other Methods). Version 4.0b10 Sinauer Associated. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb00191.x
  47. Thouvenot L., Gradstein, S.R., Hagborg, A., Söderström, L. & Bardat, J. (2011) Checklist of the liverworts and hornworts of New Caledonia. Cryptogamie, Bryologie 32: 287–390. https://doi.org/10.7872/cryb.v32.iss4.2011.287
  48. Tropicos (2023) Missouri Botanical Garden. [https://www.tropicos.org/home]
  49. Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.H., Li, D.Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Proce, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (2018 ) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Koeltz Botanical Books. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018