Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Article
Published: 2018-03-20
Page range: 1–31
Abstract views: 77
PDF downloaded: 5

Nematodes from galls on Myrtaceae. XI. Descriptions of five new species of Fergusobia from Australia

Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia.
Present address: Nematode Assay Section, Agronomic Division, North Carolina Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services, 4300 Reedy Creek Road, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA. Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 3205 College Ave, Davie, Florida 33314–7799, USA.
Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
Systematic Entomology Lab, ARS-USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. E-mail: sonja.scheffer@ars.usda.gov
Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia.
Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 3205 College Ave, Davie, Florida 33314–7799, USA.
Nematoda Galls Neotylenchidae Fergusonina morphology taxonomy DNA sequencing molecular phylogeny

Abstract

Five new species of Fergusobia are described. Fergusobia janetae Davies n. sp. is characterized by the combination of an arcuate to straight, spindle-shaped parthenogenetic female with a relatively small oesophageal gland, an extensile uterus and a conoid tail, an arcuate infective female with a bluntly rounded tail tip, and a C-shaped male with an arcuate to angular spicule and bursa arising at more than 90% of body length. Fergusobia robustae Davies n. sp. is characterized by the combination of a small, C-shaped parthenogenetic female with a short cylindroid tail with a broadly rounded tip; an arcuate to C-shaped, relatively broad, infective female with a tail tip that is almost hemispherical; and an arcuate male with a strong angular spicule and a bursa arising at 30–40% of body length. Fergusobia pruinosae Davies n. sp. is characterized by the combination of a medium sized, open C-shaped, parthenogenetic female in which the cuticle does not swell upon fixation, with a strongly sclerotised stylet, with a more or less narrowly conoid tail with a bluntly or broadly rounded tip; infective female that is arcuate to J-shaped with a notched tail tip; and open C-shaped males with stout, angular spicules and bursa arising near the secretory/excretory pore. Fergusobia pauciflorae Davies n. sp. is characterized by the combination of a medium sized, arcuate, parthenogenetic female with a small stylet, and a conoid tail with a bluntly rounded tip; a small, open C to J-shaped infective female with a broadly rounded to almost hemispherical tail tip; and straight to arcuate males with stout, angular spicules and bursa at ~70% of body length anterior to the cloaca. Fergusobia obliquae Davies n. sp. has a relatively broad, arcuate, parthenogenetic female having a small but strongly sclerotised stylet, and a short conoid tail with a bluntly rounded tip; an arcuate, infective female with an almost hemispherical tail tip; and C-shaped males with arcuate to angular (not heavily sclerotised) spicules and bursa arising 50–80% of body length anterior to tail. Sequencing of the 18S and 28S rDNA domains for F. janetae n. sp. and of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) for F. pauciflorae n. sp. confirm that they are distinct species.

 

References

  1. Brooker, M.I.H. & Kleinig, D.A. (1999) Field Guide to Eucalypts. Vol. I. South-eastern Australia. Bloomings Books, Melbourne, 353 pp.

    Brooker, M.I.H. & Kleinig, D.A. (2001) Field Guide to Eucalypts. Vol. II. South-western and Southern Australia. Bloomings Books, Melbourne, 428 pp.

    Brooker, M.I.H. & Kleinig, D.A. (2004) Field Guide to Eucalypts. Vol. III. Northern Australia. Bloomings Books, Melbourne, 383 pp.

    Christie, J.R. (1941) Life history (Zooparasitica): Parasites of invertebrates. In: Chitwood, B.C. & Chitwood, M.B. (Eds.), An Introduction to Nematology. Babylon, New York, pp. 246–266.

    Colbran, R.C. (1964) Studies of plant and soil nematodes. 7. Queensland records of the order Tylenchida and the genera Trichodorus and Xiphinema. Queensland Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 21, 77–123.

    Currie, G.A. (1937) Galls on Eucalyptus trees. A new type of association between flies and nematodes. Proceedings Linnaean Society of New South Wales, 62, 147–174.

    Davies, K.A. & Lloyd, J. (1996) Nematodes associated with Diptera in South Australia: a new species of Fergusobia Currie and a new record of Syrphonema Laumond & Lyon. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 120, 13–20.

    Davies, K.A. & Giblin-Davis, R.M. (2004) The biology and associations of Fergusobia (Nematoda) from the Melaleuca leucadendra-complex in eastern Australia. Invertebrate Systematics, 18, 291–319.
    https://doi.org/10.1071/IS02034

    Davies, K.A., Ye, W., Giblin-Davis, R., Taylor, G. S. & Thomas, W. Kelley (2010a) The nematode genus Fergusobia (Nematoda: Neotylenchida): with molecular phylogeny, descriptions of clades and associated galls, host plants and Fergusonina fly larvae. Zootaxa, 2633, 1–66.

    Davies, K.A., Ye, W., Giblin-Davis, R., Taylor, G.S. & Thomas, W.K. (2010b) Nematodes from galls on Myrtaceae. I. Fergusobia/Fergusonina galls on Corymbia spp., with re-description of F. magna and notes on its phylogenetic relationships. Zootaxa, 2634, 25–40.

    Davies, K.A., Ye, W., Giblin-Davis, R., Taylor, G.S. & Thomas, W.K. (2012a) Nematodes from galls on Myrtaceae. II. Fergusobia/Fergusonina from small axillary bud (‘stem’) and leaf (‘pea’) galls in Australia, with descriptions of two new species. Zootaxa, 3415, 1–22.

    Davies, K.A., Ye, W., Giblin-Davis, R., Taylor, G.S. & Thomas, W.K. (2012b) Nematodes from galls on Myrtaceae. III. Fergusobia from flower bud and stigma galls on Eucalyptus, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa, 3532, 1–36.

    Davies, K.A., Ye, W., Giblin-Davis, R.M., Taylor, G.S. & Thomas, W.K. (2013a) Nematodes from galls on Myrtaceae. IV. Fergusobia from flat leaf galls on Eucalyptus and Corymbia, with descriptions of two new species. Zootaxa, 3741, 151–171.

    Davies, K.A., Ye, W., Giblin-Davis, R.M., Taylor, G.S. & Thomas, W.K. (2013b) Nematodes from galls on Myrtaceae. V. Fergusobia from large multilocular shoot bud galls from Angophora and Eucalyptus in Australia, with descriptions of five new species. Zootaxa, 3741, 101–140.

    Davies, K.A., Taylor, G.S., Nelson, L.A., Yeates, D.K. & Giblin-Davis, R.M. (2014a) Nematodes from galls on Myrtaceae. VI. Fergusobia from galls on Angophora in Australia, with description of F. colbrani n. sp. and key. Zootaxa, 3856, 326–348.

    Davies, K.A., Giblin-Davis,R.M., Ye, W., Taylor, G.S., Hodda, M. & Thomas, W.K. (2014b) Nematodes from galls on Myrtaceae. VII. Fergusobia from ‘leafy’ leaf bud galls, with re-description of Fergusobia tumifaciens (Currie 1937) Wachek 1955 and descriptions of two new species. Zootaxa, 3856, 529–554.

    Davies, K.A., Bartholomaeus, F., Giblin-Davis, R.M., Ye, W., Taylor, G.S. & Thomas, W.K. (2014c) Nematodes from galls on Myrtaceae. VIII. Fergusobia from small galls on shoot buds, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 3857, 1–40.

    Davies, K.A., Ye, W., Giblin-Davis, R.M., Taylor, G.S. & Thomas, W.K. (2014d) Nematodes from galls on Myrtaceae. IX. Fergusobia rosettae n. sp. on Melaleuca quinquenervia and F. tolgaensis n. sp. on Syzygium luehmannii, from Queensland. Zootaxa, 3889, 214–236.

    Davies, K.A., Bartholomaeus, F., Giblin-Davis, R.M., Ye, W., Taylor, G.S. & Thomas, W.K. (2014e) Nematodes from galls on Myrtaceae. X. Fergusobia from galls on narrow-leaved Melaleuca spp. in Australia, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa, 3889, 237–258.

    Davies, K.A., Ye, W., Taylor, G.S., Scheffer, S. & Giblin-Davis, R.M. (2016) Galling problems - the Fergusobia nematode/Fergusonina fly mutualism on Myrtaceous hosts. Nematology, 18, 629–649.

    Davies, K.A., Taylor, G.S., Ye, W., Makinson, J.R. & Adair, R.J. (2017) First record of Fergusonina (Diptera: Fergusoninidae) and associated Fergusobia (Tylenchida: Neotylenchidae) forming galls on Leptospermum (Myrtaceae) in Australia, with descriptions of new species. Insect Systematics and Evolution. [published online]

    Fisher, J.M. & Nickle, W.R. (1968) On the classification and life history of Fergusobia curriei (Sphaerulariidae: Nematoda). Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 35, 40–46.

    Giblin-Davis, R.M. (1993) Interactions of nematodes with insects. In: Khan, M.W. (Ed.), Nematode Interactions. Chapman and Hall Inc., London, pp. 302–344.
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1488-2_15

    Giblin-Davis, R.M., Davies, K.A., Taylor, G.S. & Thomas, W.K. (2004) Entomophilic nematode models for studying biodiversity and cospeciation. In: Chen, Z.X., Chen, S.Y. & Dickson, D.W. (Eds.), Nematology, Advances and Perspectives. Tsing-Hua University Press/CABI, New York, pp. 493–540.
    https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851996455.0493

    Jairajpuri, M.S. (1962) On a new nematode Boleodorus indicus n. sp. (Neotylenchidae: Tylenchida) from soil about the roots of onions, Allium cepa L. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde, 22, 214–216.
    https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00260007

    Malloch J.R. (1932) Notes on Australian Diptera, No. xxxii. Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New South Wales, 57, 213–217.

    Morgan, W.L. (1933) Flies and nematodes associated with flower bud galls of Spotted Gum. Agricultural Gazette of New South Wales, 44, 125–127.

    Nelson, L.A., Scheffer, S.J. & Yeates, D.K. (2011a) Two new species of sympatric Fergusonina flies (Diptera: Fergusoninidae) from bud galls on high elevation snow gums (Eucalyptus pauciflora Sieb. ex Spreng. complex) in the Australian Alps. Australian Journal of Entomology, 50, 356–364.

    Nelson, L.A., Scheffer, S.J. & Yeates, D.K. (2011b) Three new species of Fergusonina Malloch gall-flies (Diptera: Fergusoninidae) from terminal leaf bud galls on Eucalyptus (Myratceae) in south-eastern Australia. Zootaxa, 3112, 36–48.

    Nelson, L.A., Scheffer, S.J. & Yeates, D.K. (2012) Species diversity of Fergusonina Malloch gall flies (Diptera: Fergusoninidae) forming leaf bud galls on snow gum (Eucalyptus pauciflora Sieb. ex Spreng. complex), with a description of a new species from Tasmania. Insect Systematics and Evolution, 43, 147–160.
    https://doi.org/10.1163/1876312X04302001

    Nelson, L.A., Davies, K.A., Scheffer, S.J., Taylor, G.S., Purcell, M.F., Giblin-Davis, R.M., Thornhill, A.H. & Yeates, D.K. (2014) The fly-nematode mutualism on Myrtaceae host plants: an emerging example of tritrophic coevolution (Diptera: Fergusoninidae; Nematoda: Neotylenchidae). Biological Journal of the Linnaean Society, 111, 699–718.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/bij.12237

    Purcell, M.F., Wallenius, T.C., Yeates, D.K., Rowell, D.M. (2017) Larval dorsal shield morphology is highly correlated with gall type in the enigmatic gall-forming fly, Fergusonina Malloch (Diptera : Fergusoninidae). Australian Journal of Zoology, 64, 233–248.
    https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO16037

    Scheffer, S.J., Giblin-Davis, R.M., Taylor, G.S., Davies, K.A., Purcell, M., Lewis, M.L., Goolsby, J. & Center, T.D.(2004) Phylogenetic relationships, species limits, and host specificity of gall-forming Fergusonina flies (Diptera:Fergusoninidae) feeding on Melaleuca (Myrtaceae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 97, 1216–1221.
    https://doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2004)097[1216:PRSLAH]2.0.CO;2

    Scheffer, S.J., Davies, K.A., Taylor, G.S., Thornhill, A.H., Lewis M.L., Winkler, I.S., Yeates, D.K., Purcell, M.F., Makinson, J. & Giblin-Davis, R.M. (2017) Phylogenetics of Australasian gall flies (Diptera: Fergusoninidae): evolutionary patterns of host-switching and gall morphology. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 115, 140–160.

    Siddiqi, M.R. (1986) A review of the genus Fergusobia Currie (Hexatylina) with descriptions of F. jambophila n. sp. and F. magna n. sp. In: Swarup, G. & Dasgupta, D.R. (Eds.), Plant Parasitic Nematodes of India, Problems and Progress. Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, pp. 264–278.

    Siddiqi, M.R. (1994) Fergusobia brevicauda sp. n. and F. philippinensis sp. n. (Nematodea: Hexatylina) from Eucalyptus deglupta. Proceedings of the Second Afro–Asian Nematology Symposium, 96–100.

    Taylor, G.S. (2004) Revision of Fergusonina Malloch gall flies (Diptera: Fergusoninidae) from Melaleuca (Myrtaceae). Invertebrate Systematics, 18, 251–290.
    https://doi.org/10.1071/IS02033

    Taylor, G., Davies, K., Martin, N. & Crosby, T. (2007) First record of Fergusonina (Diptera: Fergusoninidae) and associated Fergusobia (Tylenchida: Neotylenchidae) forming galls on Metrosideros (Myrtaceae) from New Zealand. Systematic Entomology, 32, 548–557.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2007.00383.x

    Taylor, G.S. & Davies, K.A. (2008) New species of gall fly (Diptera: Fergusoninidae) and an associated nematode (Tylenchida: Neotylenchidae) from flower bud galls on Corymbia (Myrtaceae). Australian Journal of Entomology, 47, 336–349.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.2008.00665.x

    Taylor, G. S., Head, E. & Davies, K.A. (2005) Gall flies (Diptera: Fergusoninidae) on Myrtaceae: a mutualistic association between flies and nematodes. In: Rahman, A., Schaefer, C.W. & Withers, T.M. (Eds.), Biology, Ecology and Evolution of Gall-Inducing Arthropods. Vol. 2. Science Publishers, New Hampshire, pp. 643–671.

    Taylor, G.S. & Davies, K.A. (2010) The gall fly, Fergusonina lockharti Tonnoir (Diptera: Fergusoninidae) and description of its associated nematode, Fergusobia brittenae n. sp. (Tylenchida: Neotylenchidae). Journal of Natural History, 44, 927–957.
    https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930903383545

    Wachek, F. (1955) Die parasitischen Tylenchiden. Parasitol Schriftenreihe, 3, 1–119.

    Ye, W., Giblin-Davis, R.M., Davies, K.A., Purcell, M., Scheffer, S.J., Taylor, G.S., Center, T.D., Morris, K. & Thomas, W.K. (2007) Molecular phylogenetics and the evolution of host plant associations in the nematode genus Fergusobia (Tylenchida: Fergusobiinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 45, 123–141.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2007.02.027

    Zhao, Z.Q., Davies, K.A., Riley, I.T. & Nobbs, J.M. (2006) Laimaphelenchus preissii sp. nov. (Nematoda: Aphelenchina) from native pine Callitris preissii in South Australia. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 130, 10–16.
    https://doi.org/10.1080/3721426.2006.10887044