Abstract
Stenocionops furcatus (Olivier, 1791) and S. coelatus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1878) have been treated either as subspecies or as species in their own right, but never as each other's synonyms. Compared to S. coelatus, S. furcatus has been regarded as having smoother dorsal surface carapace, shorter rostral spines, straighter and less divergent rostrum. and smaller interorbital width. These morphological differences between the two species, however, can be attributed to changes over ontogeny and, therefore, cannot be used as distinguishing characters. Adults of S. coelatus and S. furcatus can, however, be safely separated from each other by the presence in S. coelatus of a strong crenation on the anterior margin of the male sterno-abdominal cavity, which is absent in S. furcatus. A lectotype for S. coelatus is designated. The synonymy between S. furcatus, Cancer cornudo Herbst, 1804, and Chorinus armatus Randall, 1839, is confirmed based on the holotypes of the latter two species.
References
Abele, L.G. & Kim, W. (1986) An illustrated guide to the marine decapod crustaceans of Florida. Vol. 8. State of Florida Department of Environmental Regulation Technical Series. The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 760 pp.
Adams, A.C. & Kendall, W.C. (1891) Report upon an investigation of the fishing grounds off the coast of Florida. Bulletin of the United States Fisheries Commission, 1889 (1891), 9 (1), 289–312.
Agassiz, A. (1888) Three cruises of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Steamer “Blake” in the Gulf of Mexico, in the Caribbean Sea, and along the Atlantic coast of the United States, from 1877 to 1880. Vol. I. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College, 14, 1–314.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.26524Almeida, A.O. & Coelho, P.A. (2008) Estuarine and marine brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda) from Bahia, Brazil: checklist and zoogeographical considerations. Latin-American Journal of Aquatic Research, 36 (2), 183–222.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3856/vol36-issue2-fulltext-4Alves, D.F.R., Barros-Alves, S.P., Teixeira, G.M. & Cobo, V.J. (2012) Mithracinae (Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Brazilian coast: review of the geographical distribution and comments on the biogeography of the group. Nauplius, 20 (1), 51–62.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-64972012000100006Arenas-Fuentes, V. & Hernández-Aguilera, J.L. (2000) Fauna carcinológica de México. Crustáceos estomatópodos y decápodos del Golfo de México. Río Bravo, Tamaulipas a Cabo Catoche, Q.Roo. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología. Informe final SNIB-CONABIO, Proyecto No. H022, México, D.F. Available from: http://www.conabio.gob.mx/institucion/cgi-bin/datos2.cgi?Letras=H&Numero=22 (accessed 11 October 2016)
Aurivillius, C.W. (1889) Die Maskirung der oxyrrhynchen Decapoden. Kongliga Svenska vetenskaps Akademiens Handlingar, 23 (4), 1–72.
Bolaños, J.A., Gonzalo Hernández, G., Lares, L.B. & Hernández, J.E. (1994) Desarrollo larval del cangrejo Stenocionops furcata coelata (A. Milne-Edwards, 1878) (Decapoda: Majidae: Mithracinae) realizado bajo condiciones experimentales. In: Anais do III Congresso de Ciências do Mar. Cuba. Marcuba, Havana, pp. 1–10.
Boone, L. (1930) Scientific results of the cruises of the Yachts “Eagle” and “Ara”, 1921–1928, William K. Vanderbilt, commanding. Crustacea: Anomura, Macrura, Schizopoda, Isopoda, Amphipoda, Mysidacea, Cirripedia, and Copepoda. Bulletin of the Vanderbilt Marine Museum (Huntington Museum), 3, 11–60.
Bullard, S.G. (2003) Larvae of anomuran and brachyuran crabs of North Carolina. A guide to the described larval stages of anomuran (families Porcellanidae, Albuneidae, and Hippidae) and brachyuran crabs of North Carolina, U.S.A. Crustaceana Monographs, 1, 1–137.
Coêlho, P.A. & Ramos, M.A. (1972) A constituição e a distribuição da fauna de decápodos do litoral leste da América do Sul entre as latitudes de 5°N e 39°S. Trabalhos Oceanograficos da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, 13, 133–236.
Côelho, P.A., Almeida, A.O. & Bezerra, L.E.A. (2008) Checklist of the marine and estuarine Brachyura (Crustacea: Decapoda) of the northern and northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa, 1956, 1–58.
Coulon, L. (1908) Les Crustacés du Musée d’Histoire naturelle d’Elbeuf. Paris: Librarie J.-B. Baillière & Fils. Bulletin de la Société d’Étude des Sciences naturelles d’Elbeuf, 26, 19–194.
Desbonne, I. & Schramm, A. (1867) Crustacés de la Guadeloupe d'après un manuscrit du... I. Desbonne comparé avec les échantillons de Crustacés de sa collection et les dernières publications de MM. H. de Saussure et de W. Stimpson. Première partie, brachyures. Imprimerie du Gouvernement, Basseterre, 60 pp.
Desmarest, A. G. (1823) Malacostracés. In: Desmarest, A.G. (Ed.), Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturalles, 28, pp. 138–425.
Fausto-Filho, J. (1967) Segunda contribuição ao inventário dos crustáceos decápodos marinhos do nordeste brasileiro. Arquivos de Ciências do Mar. Fortaleza, 7 (1), 11–14.
Felder, D.L. (1973) An annotated key to crabs and lobsters (Decapoda, Reptantia) from coastal waters of the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Center for Wetland Resources. Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, 103 pp.
Gibbes, L.R. (1850a) Catalogue of the crustacean in the Cabinet of the Academy of Natural science of Philadelphia, August 20th, 1847, with notes on the most remarkable Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 5, 22–30.
Gibbes, L.R. (1850b) On the carcinological collections of the United States, and an enumeration of species contained in them, with notes on the most remarkable, and descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 3, 165–201.
Guérin-Méneville, F.E. (1856) Animales articulados con piés articulados. In: Sagra, R. de la (Ed.), Historia fisica, politica y natural de la isla de Cuba. Part II., 7, pp. V–XXXII + 1–371.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.207Guinot-Dumortier, D. (1960) Sur une collection de Crustacés (Decapoda Reptantia) de Guyane Française II. Brachyura Oxyrhyncha et Macrura. Bulletin du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 32 (2), 177–187.
Gundlach, J. & Torralbas, J.I. (1917) Contribución al estudio de los Crustáceos de Cuba, Notas compildas y completadas por el Dr. J. I. Torralbas. Anales de la Academia de Ciencias Médicas, Físicas y Naturales de la Habana, 36, 292–305.
Hay, W.P. & Shore, C.A. (1918) The decapod crustaceans of Beaufort, N. C., and the surrounding regions. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, 35, 369–475.
Herbst, J.F.W. (1804) Versuch einer Naturgeschichte der Krabben und Krebse, nebst einer systematischen Beschereibung ihrer verschiedenen Arten. Vol. 3. Bei Gottlieb August Lange, Berlin, 216 pp.
Holthuis, L.B. (1959) The Crustacea Decapoda of Suriname (Dutch Guiana). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 44, 1–296, pls. 1–16.
Hughes, G. (1750) The Natural History of Barbados in Ten Books. Printed for the author, London, 314 pp.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.47069Hultgren, K. & Stachowicz, J.J. (2011) Camouflage in decorator crabs: integrating ecological, behavioural and evolutionary approaches. In: Stevens, M. & Merilaita, S. (Eds.), Animal Camouflage. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 214–229.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511852053.012Jones, J.M. (1859) The Naturalist in Bermuda: A Sketch of the Geology, Zoology, and Botany, of that Remarkable Group of Islands. Reeves and Turner, London, 200 pp.
Lamark, J.B.P.A. de (1818) Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertébres, 3rd edition. Melines, Bruxelles, 612 pp.
Latreille, P.A. (1825–1829) Histoire Naturelle. Entomologie, ou Histoire naturelle des Crustacés, des Arachnides et des Insectes. Encyclopédie Méthodique. Vol. 10. Part 2. Agasse Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 832 pp. [1829]
Latreille, P.A. (1829) Les Crustacés, les Arachnides et les Insectes, distribués en familles naturelles, ouvrage formant les tomes 4 et 5 de celui de M. le Baron Cuvier sur le Règne animal (deuxième édition). Vol. 1. Paris, Déterville, xxvii + 584 pp.
Laughlin, R., Rodríguez, P. & Weil, E. (1984) The zoeal stages of the decorator crab Stenocionops furcatus coelatus (A. Milne Edwards, 1878) (Decapoda, Oxyrhyncha, Majidae) reared in the laboratory. Crustaceana, 46, 202–208.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854084X00702Lira, C., Fernández, D., Bolaños, J., Hernández, G. & Hernández-Ávila, I. (2013) Contribuciones al conocimiento de la biodiversidad de crustáceos Decápodos de Venezuela. I. Primeros registros de Macrocoeloma concavum Miers 1886 y Microphrys interruptus Rathbun 1920 (Brachyura: Majoidea: Majidae). Boletín del Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, 47 (1), 47–62.
Lockington, W.N. (1877) Remarks on the Crustacea of the Pacific Coast of North America, including a Catalog of the Species in Museum of the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 7, 63–78.
Lucas, H. (1846) Histoire naturelle des animaux articulés. Première partie. Crustacés, Arachnides, Myriapodes et Hexapodes. In: Exploration scientifique de l’Algérie pendant les années 1840, 1841, 1842 publiée par ordre du governement et avec le concours d’une commission académique. Sciences Physique, I (Zoologie), pp. 1–403., pls 1–8.
Marcano, J. & Bolaños, J. (2001) Cangrejos májidos (Decapoda: Brachyura: Majidae) de las aguas someras marinas venezolanas. Boletín del Instituto Oceanográfico de Venezuela, Universidad de Oriente, 40 (1–2), 71–82.
Markham, J.C. & McDermott, J.J. (1980) A tabulation of the Crustacea Decapoda of Bermuda.Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 93 (4), 1266–1276.
Martens, E. (1872) Ueber Cubanische Crustaceen. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 38 (1), 78–147, 257–258.
McLaughlin, P.A., Camp, D.K., Angel, M.V., Bousfield, E.L., Brunel, P., Brusca, R. C., Cadien, D., Cohen, A.C., Conlan, K.,. Eldredge, L.G, Felder, D.L., Goy, J.W., Haney, T., Hann, B., Heard, R.W, Hendrycks, E.A., Hobbs, III H.H., Holsinger, J.R., Kensley, B., Laubitz, D.R., LeCroy, S.E., Lemaitre, R., Maddocks, R.F., Martin, J.W., Mikkelsen, P., Nelson, E., Newman, W.A., Overstreet, R.M., Poly, W.J., Price, W.W., Reid, J.W.,. Robertson, A., Rogers, D.C., Ross, A., Schotte, M., Schram, F.R., Shih, C.-T., Watling, L., Wilson, G.D.F. & Turgeon, D.D. (2005) Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: crustaceans. Vol.31. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland. 533 pp.
Melo, G.A.S. (1996) Manual de identificação dos Brachyura (caranguejos e siris) do litoral brasileiro. Plêiade/FAPESP, São Paulo, 603 pp.
Melo, G.A.S. (2010) The brachyura (Crustacea: Decapoda) collected by the GEDIP project between Torres, Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) and Maldonado (Uruguay). Atlântica, 32 (1), 39–57.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5088/atl.2010.32.1.39Miers, E.J. (1879) On the classification of the Maioid Crustacea or Oxyrhyncha, with a synopsis of the families, sub-families and genera. Journal of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology, 14, 634–673, pls. 12–13.
Miers, E.J. (1886) Report on the Brachyura collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–1876. In: Murray, J. (Ed.), Zoology. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger During the Years 1873–76 Under the Command of Captain George S. Nares, R.N., F.R.S. and the Late Captain Frank Tourle Thomson. Vol. 17. Neill and Company, Edinburgh, pp. 1–362, pls. 1–29. [Wyville, R.N., Thomson, C. & Murray, J. (Series Eds.)]
Milne-Edwards, A. (1873–1881) Études sur les xiphosures et les crustacés de la région mexicaine. Mission scientifique au Mexique et dans l’Amérique centrale, ouvrage publié par ordre du Ministre de l’Instruction publique. Recherches zoologiques pour servir à l’histoire de la faune de l’Amérique central et du Mexique, publiées sous la direction de M. H. Milne Edwards, membre de l’Institut. Cinquième partie. Tome premier. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale. 8 [unnumbered], 368 pp., pls. 63. [see Th. Monod, 1956: 642, for the dates of publication of A. Milne-Edwards, 1873‑1880].
Milne-Edwards, A. (1878) Note sur quelques crustacés nouveaux appartenant au groupe des Oxyrhynques. Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris, 7 (2), 222–225.
Milne-Edwards, A. & Bouvier, E.L. (1923) XLVII: Les Porcellanides et des Brachyures. Reports on the results of dredging. Under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico (1877–78), in the Caribbean Sea (1878–79), and along the Atlantic coast of the United States (1880), by the U.S. Coast Survey steamer “Blake.” Lieut.-Com. C.D. Sigsbee, U.S.N., and Commander J.R. Bartlett, U.S.N., commanding. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College, 47 (4), 289–395.
Milne Edwards, H. (1834) Histoire naturelle des Crustacés, comprenant l’anatomie, la physiologie et la classification de ces animaux. Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret. Vol. 1. Roret, Paris, 468 + XLII pp., 32 pls. Atlas.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.16170Milne Edwards, H. (1837) Les Crustacés. In: Cuvier, G. (Ed.), Le Règne animal, distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base à l'histoire naturelle des animaux, et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée, 38 (4), pp. 25–32.
Monod, Th. 1956. Hippidea et Brachyura ouest-africains. Mémoires de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire, 45, 1–674.
Moreira, C. (1901) Contribuições para o conhecimento da fauna Brazileira: Crustaceos do Brazil. Archivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, 11, 1–151.
Ng, P.K.L., Guinot, D. & Davie, P.J.F. (2008) Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of the world. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 17 (Supplement), 1–286.
Nizinski, M.S. (2003) Annotated checklist of decapod crustaceans of Atlantic coastal and continental shelf waters of the United States. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 116 (1), 96–157.
Nutting, C.C. (1895) Chapter V: The Dry Tortugas. Narrative and preliminary report of Bahama Expedition. Bulletin from the laboratories of Natural History of state University de IOWA, 3, 1–251.
Olivier, G.A. (1791) Crabe. In: Olivier, G.A. (Ed.), Encyclopédie Méthodique, Histoire Naturelle, Insects. Vol. 6. Agasse, Paris, 136–182 pp.
Ortmann, A.E. (1893) Die Decapoden-Krebse des Strassburger Museums, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der von Herrn Dr. Döderlein bei Japan und bei den Liu-Kiu-Inseln gesammelten und zur Zeit im Strassburger Museum aufbewahrten Formen. VI Theil. Abtheilung: Brachyura (Brachyura genuina Boas), I. Unterabtheilung: Majoidea und Cancroidea, 1: Section Portuninea. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere, 7 (1), 23–88.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.24064Parra, D.A. (1787) Descripcion de Diferentes Piezas de Historia Natural las mas del Ramo Maritimo, Representadas en Setenta y Cinco Laminas. Capitana General, Havana, 195 pp.
Powers, L.W. (1977) A catalogue and bibliography to the crabs (Brachyura) of the Gulf of Mexico. Contributions in Marine Science, 20, 1–190.
Randall, J.W. (1839) Catalogue of the Crustacea brought by Thomas Nuttall and J.K Townsend, from the West Coast of North America and the Sandwich Islands, with Descriptions of such Species as are apparently new, among which are included several species of different localities, previously existing in the collection of the Academy. Journal of the Academy of Natural Science of Philadelphia, 8, 106–147.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.119921Rathbun, M.J. (1892) Catalogue of the crabs of the family Periceridae in the U. S. National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 15, 231–277.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.15-901.231Rathbun, M.J. (1897) List of the decapod Crustacea of Jamaica. Annals of the Institute of Jamaica, 1 (1), 1–46.
Rathbun, M.J. (1901) The Brachyura and Macrura of Porto Rico. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, 20 (2), 1–127, pls. 1–2. [for 1900]
Rathbun, M.J. (1925) The spider crabs of America. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 129, 1–613.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.129.iRathbun, M.J. (1933) Brachyuran Crabs of Porto Rico and Virgin Islands. In: Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and Virgin Island. 15 (1). New York Academy of Sciences, New York, pp. 1–121, figs. 1–107.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10214Rodríguez, G. (1980) Los crustaceos decapodos de Venezuela. Caracas, Instituto Venezoelano de Investigaciones Científicas, 494 pp.
Sakai, K. (1999) J.F.W. Herbst-collection of decapod Crustacea of the Berlin Zoological Museum, with remarks on certain species. Naturalists, Tokushima Biological Laboratory, Shikoku Women’s University, 6, 1–45.
Santana, W., Marquez, F. & Pohle, G. (2004) Larval stages of Stenocionops furcatus (Olivier, 1781) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Majoidea) and a reappraisal of larval morphological characters for Mithracidae. Journal of Plankton Research, 26 (80), 859–874.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbh082Saussure, H. (1858) Mémoire sur Divers Crustacés Nouveaux des Antilles et Du mexique. Memoires de la Société de physique et d'histoire naturelle de Genève, 14, 417–496.
Spry, W.J.J. (1877) The Cruise of Her Majesty's ship "Challenger." Voyages over many seas, scenes in many lands with map and illustrations. Carig and Taylor, Detroit, 400 pp.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.112294Stebbing, T.R.R. (1910) General catalogue of South African Crustacea (Part V. of S.A. Crustacea, for the Marine Investigations in South Africa). Annals of the South African Museum, 6, 281–593.
Stimpson, W. (1862) Notes on North American Crustacea, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution, No. II. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, 7 (1), 176–246.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1862.tb00153.xStimpson, W. (1871) Preliminary report on the Crustacea dredged in the Gulf Stream in the Straits of Florida by L.F. de Pourtales, Assist. U.S. Coast Survey. Part I. Brachyura. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College, 2, 109–160.
Streets, T.H. (1872) Notice of Some Crustacea from the Island of St. Martin, W. I., Collected by Dr. Van Rijgersma. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 24 (2), 131–134.
Thallwitz, J. (1892) Decapoden-Studien, insbesondere basirt auf A. B. Meyer’s Sammlungen im ostindischen Archipel, nebst einer Aufzählung der Decapoden und Stomatopoden des Dresdener Museums. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden, 3, 1–56.
Vázquez-Bader, A.R. & Gracia, A. (1994) Macroinvertebrados bénticos de la plataforma continental del suroeste del Golfo de México. Publicación Especial 12. Instituto de Biología. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 113 pp.
Vélez, M.M. (1977) Distribución y ecología de los Majidae (Crustacea: Brachyura) en la región de Santa Marta, Colombia. Anales del Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas de Punta de Betin, 9, 109–140.
Verrill, A.E. (1908) Decapod Crustacea of Bermuda; I, Brachyura and Anomura. Their distribution, variations, and habits.Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 13, 299–473. [pls. IX–XXVIII]
Williams, A.B. (1965) Marine decapod crustaceans of the Carolinas. Fishery Bulletin of the Fish and Wildlife Service, 65 (1), 1–298.
Williams, A.B. (1984) Shrimps, Lobsters, and Crabs of the Atlantic Coast of the Eastern United States, Maine to Florida. D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 550 pp.
Williams, A.B., Abele L.G., Felder D.L., Hobbs H.H., Manning Jr., R.B., McLaughlin, P.A. & Pérez Farfante, I. (1989) Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: decapod crustaceans. American Fisheries Society Special Publication, 17, 1–77.
Young, C.G. (1900) The stalk-eyed Crustacea of British Guiana, West Indies, and Bermuda. J. M. Watkins, London, 514 pp.