Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Article
Published: 2016-11-02
Page range: 158–170
Abstract views: 54
PDF downloaded: 1

Thorectinae (Porifera: Demospongiae: Dictyoceratida) from Northeastern Brazil: two new species and transfer of Scalarispongia cincta (Boury-Esnault, 1973) to the genus Thorecta Lendenfeld, 1888

Museu Nacional, Departamento de Invertebrados, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, s/n, CEP 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Museu Nacional, Departamento de Invertebrados, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, s/n, CEP 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia – Laboratório de Porifera – LABPOR, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rêgo, 1235, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
Porifera Sponges Thorectidae taxonomy Tropical Southwestern Atlantic Ocean Brazilian coast

Abstract

The genus Scalarispongia was raised to gather species formerly allocated in Cacospongia with rectangular fibrous skeleton of cored primary fibers and uncored secondary fibers. Species of the genus Thorecta have a similar skeletal architecture, but the presence of a dermal armour distinguishes them from Scalarispongia. Here we describe two new species of Scalarispongia from northeastern Brazil and transfer Scalarispongia cincta to Thorecta cincta. Scalarispongia tubulata sp. nov. is thick encrusting to cushion-shaped, has tubular projections with thin walls, and surface irregularly microconulose. Scalarispongia cooki sp. nov. is massive lobate, with digitiform projections and irregular surface. Thorecta cincta n. comb. is pear-shaped with conulose surface, one large apical oscule and a belt of small oscula around the body. Its skeleton is composed by a regular and granular dermal armour and by a ladder-like network of concentrically laminated primary and secondary fibers. Cacospongia amorpha and Cacospongia levis are now the only species of the genus Cacospongia known to occur in the Brazillian coast, but both records need to be reassessed. A key to species of Thorectinae from the Tropical Western Atlantic is provided.

 

References

  1. Baar, R. (1904) Hornschwämme aus dem Pacific. Ergebnisse einer Reise nach dem Pacific, Schauinsland 1896–97. Zoologische Jahrbücher Abteilung Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere, 19, 27–36.

    Bergquist, P.R. (1978) Sponges. University of California Press, Los Angeles, 268 pp.

    Bergquist, P.R. (1980) A revision of the supraspecific classification of the orders Dictyoceratida, Dendroceratida and Verongida (class Demospongiae). New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 7 (4), 443–503.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014223.1980.11760680

    Boury-Esnault, N. (1973) Résultats scientifiques des campagnes de la ‘Calypso’: Campagne de la ‘Calypso’ au large des côtes atlantiques de l’Amérique du Sud (1961–1962). I. 29. Spongiaires. Annales de l’Institut Océanographique, 49 (Supplément 10), 263–295.

    Cook, S. de C. & Bergquist, P.R. (2000) Two new genera and five new species of the ‘Cacospongia’ group (Porifera, Demospongiae, Dictyoceratida). Zoosystema, 22 (2), 383–400.

    Cook, S. de C. & Bergquist, P.R. (2002) Family Thorectidae. In: Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera: A guide to the supraspecific classification of the phylum Porifera. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 1040–1062.

    Cook, S. de C. (2007) Clarification of dictyoceratid taxonomic characters, and the determination of genera. In: Custódio, M.R., Lôbo-Hajdu, G., Hajdu, E. & Muricy, G. (Eds.), Porifera Research: Biodiversity, Innovation and Sustainability. Série Livros 28. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 265–274.

    Dayrat, B. (2005) Towards integrative taxonomy. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 85, 407–415.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2005.00503.x

    Desqueyroux-Faúndez, R. & van Soest, R.W.M. (1997) Shallow water Demosponges of the Galápagos Islands. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 104 (2), 379–467.

    Duchassaing, F.P. & Michelotti, G. (1864) Spongiaires de la mer Caraïbe. Natuurkundige verhandelingen van de Hollandsche maatschappij der wetenschappen te Haarlem, 21 (2), 1–124.

    Grant, R.E. (1861) Tabular view of the primary divisions of the Animal Kingdom, intended to serve as an outline of an elementary course of recent Zoology, etc., London, I–VI, 91 pp.

    Hajdu, E., Peixinho, S. & Fernandez, J.C.C. (2011) Esponjas marinhas da Bahia: guia de campo e laboratório. Série Livros 45. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 276 pp.

    Hajdu, E. & Lopes, D.A. (2007) Checklist of Brazilian deep-sea sponges. In: Custódio, M.R., Lôbo-Hajdu, G., Hajdu, E. & Muricy, G. (Eds.), Porifera Research: Biodiversity, Innovation and Sustainability. Série Livros 28. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 353–359.

    Hechtel, G.J. (1976) Zoogeography of Brazilian marine Demospongiae. In: Harrison, F.W. & Cowden, R.R. (Eds.), Aspects of Sponge Biology. Academic Press, New York, San Francisco, London, pp. 237–259.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-327950-7.50021-x

    Helmy, T.; El Serehy, H.; Mohamed, S.Z. & van Soest, R.W.M. (2004) Description and classification of dictyoceratid sponges from the northern Red Sea. Beaufortia, 54 (6), 81–91.

    Lamarck, J. B. P. de M.C. de (1813–1814) Sur les polypiers empâtés. Suite du mémoire intitulé: Sur les Polypiers empâtés. Suite des éponges. Archives du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 20 (6), 294–312 (published 1813), 370–386, 432–458 (published 1814).

    Lendenfeld, R. von (1888) Descriptive catalogue of the sponges in the Australian Museum, Sidney. Taylor & Francis, London, 260 pp.

    Lendenfeld, R. von (1889) A monograph of the horny sponges. Trübner and Co., London, 936 pp.

    Minchin, E.A. (1900) Chapter III. Sponges. In: Lankester, E.R. (Ed.), A Treatise on Zoology. Part II. The Porifera and Coelenterata. Adam & Charles Black, London, pp. 1–178.

    Moraes, F.C., Ventura, M., Klautau, M., Hajdu, E. & Muricy, G. (2006) Biodiversidade de esponjas das ilhas oceânicas brasileiras. In: Alves, R.J.V. & Castro, J.W.A. (Eds.), Ilhas Oceânicas Brasileirasda pesquisa ao manejo. Ministério do Meio Ambiente, Secretaria de Biodiversidade e Florestas, Brasília, pp. 147–178.

    Muricy, G., Esteves, E.L., Moraes, F., Santos, J.P., Silva, S.M., Klautau, M. & Lanna, E. (2008) Biodiversidade Marinha da Bacia do Potiguar: Porifera. Série Livros. Vol. 29. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 156 pp.

    Muricy, G., Lopes, D.A., Hajdu, E., Carvalho, M.S., Moraes, F.C., Klautau, M., Menegola, C. & Pinheiro, U. (2011) Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera. Série Livros. nº 46. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 212 pp.

    Muricy, G. & Moraes, F.C. (1998) Marine sponges of Pernambuco State, NE Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Oceanografia, 46 (2), 213–217.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-77391998000200009

    Padial, J.M., Miralles, A., de la Riva, I. & Vences, M. (2010) The integrative future of taxonomy. Frontiers in Zoology, 7 (16), 1–14.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-9994-7-16

    Pallas, P.S. (1766) Elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrationes generaliores et specierum cognitarum succintas descriptiones, cum selectis auctorum synonymis. Fransiscum Varrentrapp, Hagae, 451 pp.

    Poléjaeff, N. (1884) Report on the Keratosa collected by H.M.S. ‘Challenger’ during the years 1873–1876. Reports on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. ‘Challenger’, 1873–1876, Zoology, 11, 1–88.

    Pulitzer-Finali, G. & Pronzato, R. (1981) The Keratosa in a collection of Mediterranean sponges mainly from the Italian coasts. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale Giacomo Doria, 83, 127–158.

    Sandes, J. & Pinheiro, U. (2014) Dictyoceratida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from Tropical Southwestern Atlantic (Northeastern Brazil, Sergipe State) and the description of three new species. Zootaxa, 3838 (4), 445–461.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3838.4.4

    Santos, J.P., Cantarelli, J. & Tenório, D.O. (2002) Porifera do Estado de Pernambuco—Brasil. Capítulo 28. In: Tabarelli, M. & Silva, J.M.C. (Eds.), Diagnóstico da Biodiversidade de Pernambuco. Vol 2. Massangana, Recife, pp. 385–404.

    Santos, J.P., Silva, S.M., Bonifácio, P.H.O., Esteves, E.L., Pinheiro, U.S. & Muricy, G. (2010) A new species of Thorecta (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the western Atlantic, with remarks on the taxonomy of the genus. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 90 (4), 775–782.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0025315409990701

    Schmidt, O. (1862) Die Spongien des Adriatischen Meeres. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 82 pp.

    Soest, R.W.M. van, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K., Voogd, N.J. de, Alvarez, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K..R, Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J., Dohrmann, M., Diaz, C.M. & Cárdenas, P. (2016) World Porifera Database. Available from: http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/ (accessed 17 February 2016)

    Sollas, W.J. (1885) Classification of the Sponges. Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society, 5 (2), 112.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222938509459901

    Soest, R.W.M. van (1978) Marine sponges from Curaçao and other Caribbean localities. Part I. Keratosa. In: Hummelinck, P.W. & van der Steen, L.J. (Eds.), Studies on the Fauna of Curaçao and other Caribbean Islands, 56 (179), 1–94.

    Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwämme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbücher Supplement 6 (Fauna Chilensis III), 407–496, pls. 27–33.