Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Monograph
Published: 2016-01-27
Page range: 1–78
Abstract views: 59
PDF downloaded: 2

Givetian ostracods of the Candás Formation (Asturias, North-western Spain): taxonomy, stratigraphy, palaeoecology, relationship to global events and palaeogeographical implications

UMR CNRS 8198 EvoEcoPaléo, Université Lille1 des Sciences et Technologies, Cité Scientifique, Bâtiment SN5, Avenue Paul Langevin, 59655 Villeneuve-d’Ascq Cedex, France.
Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Institut Catholique de Lille, Université Catholique de Lille, 41, rue du port, 59016 Lille Cedex, France.
Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Institut Catholique de Lille, Université Catholique de Lille, 41, rue du port, 59016 Lille Cedex, France.
Departamento de Geología, Facultad de Geología, Universidad de Oviedo, c/Arias de Velasco s/n, 33005 Oviedo, Spain.
Crustacea Middle Devonian new species faunal renewal systematic Taghanic Biocrisis

Abstract

Asturian ostracods of the Givetian carbonate Candás Formation are documented for the first time from the Peran-Perlora and Carranques reference sections. More than 1,200 specimens were extracted from 44 samples by means of the hot acetolysis method. In all, 75 taxa are described herein, of which 21 are formally described and one, Evlanella peranensis Maillet n. sp., is new. All the taxa are marine benthic and belong to the Eifelian Mega-Assemblage. The assemblages recognized are representative of semi-restricted to shallow open-marine palaeoenvironments above the storm wave base. The stratigraphical distribution of the taxa shows a strong faunal renewal in the top of the Candás Formation. Long-ranging taxa found at the base of the formation, of which many are known from the base of the Middle Devonian, disappear within the base of the member C and are replaced above, around the Middle/Upper Givetian boundary, by more cosmopolitan taxa characteristic of the Frasnian. The lower half of the member C is also characterized both by unstable environments and occurrence of some short-ranging opportunistic ostracod taxa. This renewal within shallow water ostracod communities is probably a consequence of the global Taghanic Biocrisis, leading world-widely to extinctions in several faunal groups. Faunal affinities with Givetian ostracod taxa reported in other areas of the world reflect the commonly accepted palaeogeographical patterns. Close relations between the Cantabrian Zone (NW-Spain), the Armorican Massif (W-France), the Mouthoumet Massif (S-France) and North Africa (Morocco and Algeria) suggest a narrow oceanic space between the western European terranes and the northern Gondwanan margin that involves an advanced phase of closure of the Medio-European Ocean.

 

References

  1. Aboussalam, S.Z. (2003) Das “Taghanic-Event” im höheren Mitteldevon von West-Europa und Marokko. Münstersche Forschungen zur Geologie und Paläontologie, 97, 1–332.

    Aboussalam, S.Z. & Becker, T.R. (2011) The Global Taghanic Biocrisis (Givetian) in the eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 304, 136–164.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.10.015

    Abushik, A.F. (1971) Ostrakody opornogo razreza silura – nižnego devona Podolii. In: Ivanova, V.A. (Ed.), Paleozojskie ostrakody iz opornych razrezov evropejskoj časti SSSR. Moskva, pp. 7–133.

    Adamczak, F.J. (1956) Polyzygia Gürich, an ostracod genus from the Givetian of the Holy Cross Mountains. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 1, 35–48.

    Adamczak, F.J. (1958) The ontogeny and evolution of Kozlowskiella (Přibyl) (Ostracoda). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 3, 75–116.

    Adamczak, F.J. (1961) Eridostraca – a new suborder of ostracods and its Adamczak, F.J. (1968) Palaeocopa and Platycopa (Ostracoda) from Middle Devonian rocks in the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. Stockholm contributions in Geology, 17, 1–109.

    Adamczak, F.J. (1971) The Devonian metacope genus Polyzygia (Ostracoda). Stockholm contributions in Geology, 23, 127–150.

    Adamczak, F.J. (1976) Middle Devonian Podocopida (Ostracoda) from Poland: their morphology, systematics and occurrence. Senckenbergiana lethaea, 57, 265–467.

    Adamczak, F.J. (2004) Contributions to Palaeozoic Ostracod Classification (POC), No. 35. The Platycopine Dynasty 4. Family Barychilinidae Ulrich, 1894. Ambivalent sister. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, 232, 127–149.

    Adamczak, F.J. & Becker, G. (1983) Devonian Primitiopsidae (Ostracoda) from Spain and their morphological connections. Senckenbergiana lethaea, 64, 267–293.

    Adamczak, F.J. & Coen, M. (1992) Perimarginal and antral structures in some primitiopsides (Palaeocopina, Ostracoda). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte, 6, 321–335.

    Baird, G.C. & Brett, C.E. (2008) Late Givetian Taghanic bioevents in New York State: New discoveries and questions. Bulletin of Geosciences, 83, 357–370.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.3140/bull.geosci.2008.04.357

    Bandel, K. & Becker, G. (1975) Ostracoden aus paläozoischen pelagischen Kalken der Karnischen Alpen (Silurium bis Unterkarbon). Senckenbergiana lethaea, 56, 1–83.

    Barrois, C. (1882) Recherches sur les terrains anciens d’Asturies et de la Galice. Mémoire de la Société Géologique du Nord, 1, 1–630.

    Bassler, R.S. & Kellett, B. (1934) Bibliographic Index of Paleozoic Ostracoda. Geological Society of America special papers, 1, 500 pp.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/spe1

    Becker, G. (1964) Palaeocopida (Ostracoda) aus dem Mitteldevon der Sötenicher Mulde (N-Eifel). Senckenbergiana lethaea, 45, 43–113.

    Becker, G. (1965a) Podocopida (Ostracoda) aus dem Mitteldevon der Sötenicher Mulde (N-Eifel). Senckenbergiana lethaea, 46, 367–441.

    Becker, G. (1965b) Revision Kummerow'scher Ostracodenarten aus dem deutschen Mitteldevon. Fortschritte in der Geologie von Rheinland und Westfalen, 9, 151–188.

    Becker, G. (1967) Ostracoda aus den Refrath–Schichten (Oberdevon) der Paffrather Mulde (Bergisches Land) – 1: Refrathella n. gen. (Kirkbyellidae). Senckenbergiana lethaea, 48, 511–523.

    Becker, G. (1968) Ostracoda aus den Refrath–Schichten (Oberdevon) der Paffrather Mulde (Bergisches Land) – 2: Zur Morphologie und Systematik der Palaeocopida Gattungen Nodella Zaspelova und Aechminella Harlton. Senckenbergiana lethaea, 49, 547–563.

    Becker, G. (1969) Ostracoda aus dem Mitteldevon der Sötenicher Mulde (N-Eifel). Biostratigraphie, Paleoökologie und taxonomische Bemerkungen. Senckenbergiana lethaea, 50, 239–271.

    Becker, G. (1970a) Primitiopsacea (Ostracoda, Palaeocopida) aus dem Rheinischen Devon. Senckenbergiana lethaea, 51, 49–65.

    Becker, G. (1970b) Zum Sexualdimorphismus von Kielciella cingulata (Ostracoda; Devon). Senckenbergiana lethaea, 51, 337–381.

    Becker, G. (1971a) Ostracoda aus dem Mittel-Frasnium (Oberdevon) der Mulde von Dinant (Unter Einbeziehung von Ergebnissen von F. Magne). Bulletin de l’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 47, 1–82.

    Becker, G. (1971b) Paleoecology of Middle Devonian ostracods from the Eifel region, Germany. In: Oertli, H.J. (Ed.), Paléoécologie des Ostracodes, Colloque Pau (1970), Bulletin du Centre de Recherche de Pau, SNPA, 5 suppl., 801–816.

    Becker, G. (1971c) Zur Verbreitung der Ostracoden-Familie Hollinellidae Bless & Jordan. Senckenbergiana lethaea, 52, 537–567.

    Becker, G. (1980) Givetische Ostracoden aus der Bohrung Boussu in Belgien. Mémoires pour servir à l'Explication des Cartes géologiques et minières de la Belgique, 20, 1–17.

    Becker, G. (1988) Neritische Ostracoden aus der Huergas-Formation des Kantabrischen Gebirges (Givetum; N-Spanien). Senckenbergiana lethaea, 68, 393–431.

    Becker, G. (1989) Neritische ostracoden aus dem Palentinischen Becken (Devon; N-Spanien). Palaeontographica A, 209, 111–176.

    Becker, G. (1992) Eine geschützt–marine Ostracoden–Fauna aus dem mittleren Eifelium von Nettersheim, Sötenicher Mulde (N-Eifel). Senckenbergiana lethaea, 71, 453–501.

    Becker, G. (1995) Eine eigentümliche Schalen-Struktur bei Bewegtwasser-Arten von Polyzygia Gürich (Ostracoda, Metacopina). Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 69, 125–133.

    Becker, G. (1997) Contributions to Palaeozoic Ostracod Classification (POC), No. 1. “Non–kirkbycean” ostracods: Families Ordovizonidae n. fam., Kirkbyellidae Sohn, Scrobiculidae Posner, and Cardiniferellidae Sohn. With description of the new family Ordovizonidae n. fam. and a new kirkbyellid genus: Eukempfella n. g.. Sonderveröffentlichungen des Geologischen Instituts der Universität zu Köln, 114, 29–57.

    Becker, G. (1998) Ostracoda aus der neritischen La Vid–Formation (Unterdevon, Emsium) von N-León (N-Spanien). Palaeontographica A, 248, 61–118.

    Becker, G. (2000) Eine offen-marine Ostracoden-Fauna aus der Aguión Formation (Lower Devonian, Upper Emsian) of Asturias (N. Spain). Palaeontographica A, 256, 77–158.

    Becker, G. (2001a) Fazies-anzeigende Ostracoden-Faunen aus der Santa Lucía Formation (Unterdevon, Oberemsium) von Asturien und N-León (N-Spanien). Palaeontographica A, 263, 1–136.

    Becker, G. (2001b) Kompendium der zoologischen Nomenklatur Termini und Zeichen erläutert durch deutsche offizielle Texte. Senckenbergiana lethaea, 81, 3–16.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03043291

    Becker, G. (2002) Contributions to Palaeozoic Ostracod Classification (POC), No. 24. Palaeozoic Ostracoda: The standard classification scheme. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, 226, 165–228.

    Becker, G. & Bless, M.J.M. (1974) Ostracode stratigraphy of the Ardenno–Rhenish Devonian and Dinantian. International Becker, G. & Groos-Uffenorde, H. (1982) Upper Emsian and Lower Eifelian ostracodes of the Eifel Hills. Courier-Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 55, 297–324.

    Becker, G. & Sánchez de Posada, L.C. (1977) Ostracoda aus der Moniello Formation –Asturiens (Devon; N-Spanien). Palaeontographica A, 158, 115–203.

    Becker, G., Lazreq, N. & Weddige, K. (2004) Ostracods of Thuringian provenance from the Devonian of Morocco (Lower Emsian – Middle Givetian; south-western Anti-Atlas). Palaeontographica A, 271, 1–109.

    Bengtson, P. (1988) Open nomenclature. Paleontology, 31, 223–227.

    Benson, R.H. (1973) An Ostracodal view of Messinian salinity crisis. In: Drooger, C.W. (Ed.), Messinian Events in the Mediterranean. NorthHolland Publ. Co., Amsterdam, pp. 235–242.

    Berdan, J.M. & Sohn, I.G. (1961) Family Pachydomellidae Berdan & Sohn, n. fam. In: Moore, R.C. (Ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part Q, Arthropoda 3, Crustacea, Ostracoda. Geological Society of America & University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas, pp. 373–374.

    Bessière, G. (1987) Modèle d’évolution polyorogénique d’un massif hercynien : le massif de Mouthoumet (Pyrénées orientales). Unpublished PhD thesis, Université de Toulouse III, 314 pp.

    Bessière, G. & Lethiers, F. (1985) Le Paléozoïque du Massif de Mouthoumet. In: Bilotte, M., Villatte, J., Tambareau, Y., Bessière, G., Babinot, J.-F. & Lethiers, F. (Eds.), Journée d’étude des ostracodologistes de langue française dans les Hautes-Corbières. Bulletin de la Société d’Etudes Scientifiques de l’Aude, 85, pp. 14–22.

    Blakey, R.C. (2007) Global palaeogeography – Mollewide Plate Tectonic Maps. Palaeobotanical research group, Dept. of Geology, Northern Arizona Univ., Flagstaff, Univ. Münster. Available from: http://www.uni-muenster.de/GeoPalaeontologie/Palaeo/Palbot/seite15.html (accessed 16 October 2015)

    Blumenstengel, H. (1962) Über verkieselte Ostracoden aus dem Tentaculitenknollenkalk (Unterdevon) der Bohrung Mötzelbach 3. Freiberger Forschungshefte C, 125, 5–31.

    Blumenstengel, H. (1965) Zur Taxionomie und Biostratigraphie verkieselter Ostracoden aus dem Thüringer Oberdevon. Freiberger Forschungshefte C, 183, 1–127.

    Blumenstengel, H. (1974) Ostracoden aus dem Mitteldevon des Harzes (Blankenburger Zone). Freiberger Forschungshefte C, 298, 19–43.

    Bouček, B. (1936) Die Ostracoden des Böhmischen Ludlows (Stufe eβ). Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, (B), 76, 31–98.

    Bradfield, H.H. (1935) Pennsylvanian Ostracoda of the Ardmore Basin, Oklahoma. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 22, 1–173.

    Brandão, S.N. & Horne, D.J. (2009) The Platycopid Signal of oxygen depletion in the ocean: A critical evaluation of the evidence from modern ostracod biology, ecology and depth distribution. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 283, 126–133.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.09.007

    Braun, W.K. (1968) Upper Devonian Ostracod Faunas of Great Slave Lake and northeastern Alberta, Canada. In: Oswald, D.H. (Ed.), International Symposium on the Devonian System. Alberta Society Petroleum of Geologists, Calgary, II, pp. 617–652.

    Braun, W.K. (1990) Devonian ostracod faunas of western Canada: their evolution, biostratigraphical potential and environmental settings. In: Whatley, R. & Maybury, C. (Eds.), Ostracoda and Global Events. British Micropalaeontological Society Publication Series, 1990, pp. 59–70. [Chapman & Hall]

    Brice, D., Milhau, B., Mistiaen, B., Rohart, J.-C. & Vidier, J.-P. (1989) Le Givétien supérieur (Dévonien) à Ferques (Boulonnais – France): Observations nouvelles. Annales de la Société Géologique du Nord, 108, 113–123.

    Brice, D., Pinte, E. & Mistiaen, B. (2012) The global Taghanic Biocrisis (Givetian) on brachiopods of the Ferques inlier area (Boulonnais-France). Centenary Meeting of the Paläontologische Gesellschaft, Berlin (Germany), September 24–29, Programme, Abstracts and Field Guide, 38.

    Bultynck, P. (1970) Révision stratigraphique et paléontologique de la coupe du Couvinien. Mémoire de l’Institut géologique de l’Université de Louvain, 1970, 1–152.

    Casier, J.-G. (1977) Contribution à la connaissance des ostracodes du Frasnien de la Belgique. Professional Paper Administration des Mines Service Géologique de Belgique, 147, 1–22.

    Casier, J.-G. (1979) La Zone à Svantovites lethiersi n. sp., zone nouvelle d’ostracodes de la fin du Frasnien et du début du Famennien des Bassins de Namur et de Dinant. Bulletin de l’Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, 51, 1–7.

    Casier, J.-G. (1982) Les ostracodes du Frasnien et de la base du Famennien de la coupe du Km 30 (Saoura, Sahara algérien). Bulletin de la Société Belge de Géologie, 91, 195–207.

    Casier, J.-G. (1985) Les ostracodes de la partie supérieure de la Formation de Teferguenite (Givétien) et de la Formation de Marhouma (Givétien-Famennien) de la coupe du km 30 (Saoura, Sahara algérien). Geobios, 18, 833–846.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-6995(85)80038-3

    Casier, J.-G. (1986) Les ostracodes de la partie supérieure de la Formation de Teferguenite : erratum. Geobios, 19, 266.

    Casier, J.-G. (1987a) Etude biostratigraphique et paléoécologique des ostracodes du sommet du Givétien et de la base du Frasnien à Ave-Et-Auffe (Bord sud du bassin de Dinant, Belgique). Bulletin de la Société Belge de Géologie, 96, 23–34.

    Casier, J.-G. (1987b) Etude biostratigraphique et paléoécologique des ostracodes du récif de marbre rouge du Hautmont à Vodelee (partie supérieure du Frasnien, Bassin de Dinant, Belgique). Revue de Paléobiologie, 6, 193–204.

    Casier, J.-G. (2004) The mode of life of Devonian entomozoacean ostracods and the Myodocopid Mega–Assemblage proxy for hypoxic events. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre, 74 (Supplement), 73–80.

    Casier, J.-G. (2008) ROLF 22, résumés des communications et guide de l’excursion consacrée aux ostracodes du Dévonien Moyen et Supérieur du Synclinorium de Dinant. 22e Réunion des Ostracodologistes de Langue Française, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Département de Paléontologie, Bruxelles, 83 pp.

    Casier, J.-G. & Olempska, E. (2008a) Middle Frasnian (Devonian) ostracods from the Frasnes railway section (Dinant Synclinorium, Belgium): taxonomy, biostratigraphy, paleoecology. Bulletin de l’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre, 78, 51–66.

    Casier, J.-G. & Olempska, E. (2008b) Early Frasnian Ostracods from the Arche Quarry (Dinant Synclinorium, Belgium) and the Palmatolepis punctata Isotopic Event. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 53, 635–646.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.4202/app.2008.0408

    Casier, J.-G. & Préat, A. (1990) Sédimentologie et Ostracodes de la limite Eifélien–Givétien à Resteigne (bord sud du Bassin de Dinant, Belgique). Bulletin de l’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre, 60, 75–105.

    Casier, J.-G. & Préat, A. (1991) Evolution sédimentaire et Ostracodes de la base du Givétien à Resteigne (bord sud du Bassin de Dinant, Belgique). Bulletin de l’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre, 61, 157–177.

    Casier, J.-G. & Préat, A. (1996) Ostracodes et sédimentologie au passage Eifélien–Givétien dans la marbrière du Pic de Vissou (Montagne Noire, France). Bulletin du Centre de Recherche Exploration et Production Elf Aquitaine, 20, 367–387.

    Casier, J.-G. & Préat, A. (2006) Ostracods and lithofacies close to the Eifelian–Givetian boundary (Devonian) at Aisemont (Namur Synclinorium, Belgium). Bulletin de l’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre, 76, 5–29.

    Casier, J.-G. & Préat, A. (2007) Ostracods and lithofacies of the Middle/Upper Devonian boundary Stratotype (Puech de la Suque, Montagne Noire, France). Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 178, 293–304.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.178.4.293

    Casier, J.-G. & Préat, A. (2009) Late Givetian to Middle Frasnian ostracods from Nismes (Dinant Synclinorium, Belgium) and their lithological context. Bulletin de l’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre, 79, 87–115.

    Casier, J.-G. & Préat, A. (2013) Ostracodes et lithologie du stratotype de la Formation du Mont d’Haurs (Givétien, Synclinorium de Dinant). Revue de Paléobiologie, 32, 481–501.

    Casier, J.-G., Berra, I., Olempska, E., Sandberg, C. & Préat, A. (2006) Ostracods and facies of the Early and Middle Frasnian at Devils Gate in Nevada: relationship to the Alamo Event. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 51, 813–828.

    Casier, J.-G., Cambier, G., Devleeschouwer, X., Petitclerc, E. & Préat, A. (2010b) Ostracods, rock facies and magnetic susceptibility of the Trois-Fontaines and Terres d'Haurs Formations (Early Givetian) in the Rancennes quarry at the Mont d'Haurs (Givet, France). Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre, 80, 85–114.

    Casier, J.-G., Devleeschouwer, X., Maillet, S., Petitclerc, E. & Préat, A. (2013) Ostracods and rock facies across the Givetian/Frasnian boundary interval in the Sourd d'Ave section at Ave-et-Auffe (Dinant Synclinorium, Ardenne, Belgium). Bulletin of Geosciences, 88, 241–264.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.3140/bull.geosci.1340

    Casier, J.-G., Devleeschouwer, X., Moreau, J., Petitclerc, E. & Préat, A. (2011b) Ostracods, rock facies and magnetic susceptibility records from the stratotype of the Terres d’Haurs Formation (Givetian) at the Mont d’Haurs (Givet, France). Bulletin de l’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre, 81, 97–128.

    Casier, J.-G., Devleeschouwer, X., Petitclerc, E. & Préat, A. (2011a) Ostracods, rock facies and magnetic susceptibility of the Hanonet Formation/Trois-Fontaines Formation transition (Early Givetian) at the Mont d’Haurs (Givet, France). Bulletin de l’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre, 81, 63–96.

    Casier, J.-G., El Hassani, A. & Préat, A. (2010a) Ostracodes du Dévonien Moyen et Supérieur du Tafilalt (Maroc). Revue de Micropaléontologie, 53, 29–51.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revmic.2008.06.003

    Casier, J.-G., Kasimi, R. & Préat, A. (1995) Les Ostracodes au passage Eifélien/Givétien à Glageon (Avesnois, France). Geobios, 28, 487–499.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-6995(95)80025-5

    Casier, J.-G., Lehmami, M. & Préat, A. (1997) Ostracodes et sédimentologie du Givétien à Ain Khira (Meseta nord–occidentale du Maroc). Revue de Paléobiologie, 16, 151–167.

    Casier, J.-G., Préat, A. & Kasimi, R. (1992) Ostracodes et sédimentologie du sommet de l’Eifélien et de la base du Givétien, à Couvin (bord sud du Bassin de Dinant, Belgique). Bulletin de l’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre, 62, 75–108.

    Cocks, L.R.M. & Torsvik, T.H. (2006) European geography in a global context from the Vendian to the end of the Palaeozoic. In: Gee, D.G. & Stephenson, R.A. (Eds.), European Lithosphere Dynamics. Geological Society Memoirs, 32, pp. 83–95.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.mem.2006.032.01.05

    Coen, M. (1985) Ostracodes Givétiens de l'Ardenne. Mémoire de l’Institut Géologique de l'Université de Louvain, 32, 48 pp.

    Coley, T.B. (1954) Stratigraphic distribution and correlation of some Middle Devonian Ostracoda. Journal of Paleontology, 28, 452–464.

    Collier, W.W. (1971) Phylogeny of the Devonian ostracod genus Ctenoloculina Bassler. Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, the University of Michigan, 23, 357–376.

    Comte, P. (1936a) La série dévonienne du León (Espagne). Comptes rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, 202, 337–339.

    Comte, P. (1936b) Le Dévonien inférieur du León (Espagne). Comptes rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, 202, 771–773.

    Comte, P. (1936c) Le Dévonien moyen et supérieur du León (Espagne). Comptes rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, 202, 1198–1200.

    Copeland, M.J. (1957) A new species of the ostracod genus Knoxiella from the Middle Devonian Ludlowville Formation of western New–York. Journal of Paleontology, 31, 931–933.

    Coryell, H.N. (1928) Some new Pennsylvanian Ostracoda. Journal of Paleontology, 2, 87–94.

    Coryell, H.N. & Malkin, D.S. (1936) Some Hamilton ostracodes from Arkona, Ontario. American Museum Novitates, 891, 1–20.

    Crasquin-Soleau, S., Vaslet, D. & Le Nindre, Y.-M. (2005) Ostracods as markers of the Permian/Triassic boundary in the Khuff Formation of Saudi Arabia. Palaeontology, 48, 853–868.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2005.00476.x

    Delo, D.M. (1930) Some Upper Carboniferous ostracoda from the Shale Basin of western Texas. Journal of Paleontology, 4, 152–178.

    Dojen, C. (2005) Early Devonian ostracods of Celtiberia (NE Spain) – taxonomy, palaeoecology, biostratigraphy, and biogeography. Unpublished PhD thesis, Braunschweig Technische Universität, Braunschweig, 256 pp.

    Dojen, C., Özgül, N., Göncüoglu, Y. & Göncüoglu, M.C. (2004) Early Devonian ostracodes of Thuringian Ecotype from NW Anatolia (Turkey). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte, 2004, 733–748.

    Egorov, V.G. (1950) Ostracoda of the Frasnian Stage of the Russian Platform. 1, Kloedenellidae. Trudy Vsesoûznogo neftyânogo Naučno-Issledovatel’skogo Geologo–Razvedočnogo Instituta (VNIGRI), 1950, 1–175. [in Russian]

    Egorov, V.G. (1953) Ostracoda of the Frasnian Stage of the Russian Platform. 2, Bairdiidae, Hollinidae, Kirkbyidae. Trudy Vsesoûznogo neftyânogo Naučno-Issledovatel’skogo Geologo–Razvedočnogo Instituta (VNIGRI), 1953, 1–133. [in Russian]

    Ellis, B. & Messina, A. (1952–2015) Catalog of Ostracoda. Special publication of the American Museum of Natural History. 20 Vols. + Supplement. Database. Available from: http://www.micropress.org/em/about.php (accessed 3 November 2015)

    Ellwood, B.B., Tomkin, J.H., El Hassani, A., Bultynck, P., Brett, C.E., Schindler, E., Feist, R. & Bartholomew, A.J. (2011) A climate-driven model and development of a floating point time scale for the entire Middle Devonian Givetian Stage: A test using magnetostratigraphy susceptibility as a climate proxy. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 304, 85–95.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.10.014

    Feist, R. & Groos-Uffenorde, H. (1979) Die « Calcaire à polypiers siliceux » und ihre Ostracoden-Faunen (Oberes Unter–Devon; Montagne Noire, S-Frankreich). Senckenbergiana lethaea, 60, 83–197.

    Fernández, L.P., Fernández-Martínez, E., Garciá-Ramos, J.C., Méndez-Bedia, I. & Soto, F. (1997) A sequential approach to the study of reefal facies in the Candás and Portilla Formations (Middle Devonian) of the Cantabrian Zone (NW Spain). Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural (Sec. Geol.), 92, 23–33.

    Fernández, L.P., Fernández-Martínez, E., Méndez-Bedia, I., Rodriguez, S. & Soto, F. (1995) Field trip A. Devonian and Carboniferous reefal facies from the Cantabrian Zone (NW Spain). In: Perejon, A. (Ed.), VII International Symposium on Fossil Cnidaria and Porifera, Salamanca, 76 pp.

    Fernández, L.P., Fernández-Martínez, E., Méndez-Bedia, I. & Soto, F. (1996) Devonian reef facies from the Cantabrian zone (NW Spain). Internal report of the Department of Geology, University of Oviedo, 67 pp.

    Forel, M.-B. (2012) Ostracods (Crustacea) associated with microbialites across the Permian–Triassic boundary in Dajiang (Guizhou Province, South China). European Journal of Taxonomy, 19, 1–34.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2012.19

    García-Alcalde, J.L. (1996) El Devónico del Dominio Astur-Leonés de la zona Cantábrica (N de España). Revista Española de Paleontología, n° extraordinario, 58–71.

    García-Alcalde, J.L. (1998) Devonian events in northern Spain. Newsletter on Stratigraphy, 36, 157–175.

    García-Alcalde, J.L., Arbizu, M.A., García-López, S. & Méndez-Bedia, I. (1979) Guidebook of the field trip Meeting of the International Subcommission on Devonian Stratigraphy. Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Oviedo, 41 pp.

    García-Alcalde, J.L., Ellwood, B.B., Soto, F., Truyóls-Massoni, M. & Tomkin, J.H. (2012) Precise timing of the Upper Taghanic Biocrisis, Geneseo Bioevent, in the Middle-Upper Givetian (Middle Devonian) boundary in Northern Spain using biostratigraphic and magnetic susceptibility data sets. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 313–314, 26–40.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.10.006

    García-Alcalde, J.L. & Truyóls-Massoni, M. (1993) Correlation of Devonian chronostratigraphical boundaries in Spain. SDS Newsletter, 10, 22–29.

    García-López, S. (1986) Los Conodontos y su apliacion al estudio de las divisiones cronostratigraficas mayores del Devonico asturleones (España). Part I, Biostratigrafia. Boletin Geologico y Minero, 97, 271–312.

    García-López, S., Sanz-López, J. & Sarmiento, G.N. (2002) The Palaeozoic succession and conodont biostratigraphy of the section between Cape Penas and Cape Torres (Cantabrian coast, NW Spain). In: García-López, S. & Bastida, F. (Eds.), Palaeozoic conodonts from Northern Spain. Instituto Geologico y Minero de Espana, serie Cuadernos del Museo Geominero, 1, pp. 125–161.

    Gayet, J. (1965) Contribution à la connaissance de la microfaune de l’Ordovicien et du Dévonien armoricain. Unpublished PhD thesis, Université de Bordeaux & Centre de Recherches de Pau, S.N.P.A., 150 pp.

    Geis, H.L. (1933) Microcheilinella, a new name for the ostracode genus Microcheilus. Journal of Paleontology, 7, 112.

    Girty, G.H. (1910) New genera and species of Carboniferous fossils from the Fayetteville Shale of Arkansas. Annals of the New York Academy Sciences, 20, 189–238.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1910.tb55149.x

    Gozalo, R. (1994) Geología y paleontología (Ostrácodos) del Devónico Superior de Tabuenca (NE de la Cadena Ibérica Oriental). Memorias del Museo Paleontologico de la Universidad de Zaragoza, 6, 1–291.

    Gramm, M. & Ivanov, V. (1975) The ostracod Paraparchites minax Ivanov, sp. nov. from the Permian of the U.S.S.R. and its muscle–scar field. Palaeontology, 18, 551–561.

    Groos, H. (1969) Mitteldevonische Ostracoden zwischen Ruhr und Sieg (Rechtsrheinisches Schiefergebirge). Göttinger Arbeiten zur Geologie und Paläontologie, 1, 1–110.

    Groos-Uffenorde, H. & Le Fèvre, J. (1979) Ostracoden aus dem Mittel–Devon von Rtanj/Jugoslawien. In: Krstic, N. (Ed.), Proceedings of the VII International Symposium on Ostracodes, Taxonomy, Biostratigraphy and Distribution of ostracodes, Belgrade, 1979, pp. 95–98.

    Gründel, J. (1962) Zur Taxionomie der Ostracoden der Gattendorfia–Stufe Thüringens. Freiberger Forschungshefte C, 151, 51–106.

    Gürich, G. (1896) Das Paläozoikum im Polnischen Mittelgebirge. Verhandlungen der Russischen Kaiserlichen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft zu St. Petersburg II, 32, 1–539.

    Hamada, T. (1959) Discovery of a Devonian Ostracod in the Fukuji District, Gifu Prefecture, West Japan. Japanese Journal of Geology and Geography, 30, 39–51.

    Harlton, B.H. (1933) Micropaleontology of the Pennsylvanian Johns Valley Shale of the Ouachita Mountains, Oklahoma, and its relationship to the Mississippian Caney Shale. Journal of Paleontology, 7, 3–29.

    Henningsmoen, G. (1953) Classification of Paleozoic straight-hinged ostracods. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, 31, 185–288.

    Horne, D.J. (2005) Homology and homoeomorphy in ostracod limbs. Hydrobiologia, 538, 55–80.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-004-4937-5

    Horne, D.J., Brandão, S.N. & Slipper, I.J. (2011) The Platycopid Signal deciphered: Responses of ostracod taxa to environmental change during the Cenomanian–Turonian Boundary Event (Late Cretaceous) in SE England. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 308, 304–312.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.05.034

    Horne, D.J., Cohen, A. & Martens, K. (2002) Taxonomy, Morphology and Biology of Quaternary and living Ostracoda. In: Holmes, A. & Chivas, A.R. (Eds.), The Ostracoda: Applications in Quaternary Research. Geophysical Monograph, 131, pp. 5–36.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/131gm02

    Horne, D.J., Schön, I., Smith, R.J. & Martens, K. (2005) What are Ostracoda? A cladistic analysis of the extant superfamilies of the subclasses Myodocopa and Podocopa (Crustacea: Ostracoda). In: Koenemann, K. & Jenner, R.A. (Eds.), Crustacea and Arthropod Relationships. Crustacean Issues, 16, pp. 249–273.

    House, M.R. (1985) Correlation of mid-Palaeozoic ammonoid evolutionary events with global sedimentary perturbations. Nature, 313, 17–22.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/313017a0

    House, M.R. (2002) Strenght, timing, setting and cause of Mid–Paleozoic extinctions. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 181, 5–25.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-0182(01)00471-0

    Hubert, B.L.M., Brice, D., Crônier, C., Milhau, B., Mistiaen, B., Nicollin, J.-P. & Zapalski, M.K. (2007) Distribution of stromatoporoids, tabulate corals, brachiopods, trilobites and ostracods around the Hanonet – Trois-Fontaines Formations boundary (Givetian, Givet, N. France) – affinities and paleogeographical implications. 1st International Palaeobiogeography Symposium, Paris, 49.

    Johnson, J.G. (1970) Taghanic Onlap and the End of North American Devonian Provinciality. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 81, 2077–2106.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[2077:toateo]2.0.co;2

    Johnson, J.G., Klapper, G. & Sandberg, C.A. (1985) Devonian eustatic fluctuations in Euramerica. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 96, 567–587.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1985)96<567:defie>2.0.co;2

    Jones, T.R. (1888) Notes on Palaeozoic Bivalved Entomostraca, n° 26. On some new Devonian Ostracoda (With a Note on their Geological Position, by the Rev. G.F. Whidborne). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 2, 295–299.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222938809460929

    Jones, T.R. (1898) On the Fossil Cypridinidae and some Allied Ostracoda. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 1, 333–344.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222939808677984

    Jones, T.R. & Holl, H.B. (1869) Notes on the Palaeozoic bivalved Entomostraca n° 9, some Silurian species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 4, 3, 211– 227.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222936908695920

    Jones, T.R. & Kirkby, J.W. (1895) Notes on the Palaeozoic bivalved Entomostraca n° 32, some Carboniferous Ostracoda from Yorkshire. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 16, 452–460.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222939508680305

    Kasimi, R. (1993) Sédimentologie et cyclostratigraphie des couches de transition Eifélien–Givétien au bord sud du Bassin de Dinant (Belgique, France). Unpublished PhD thesis, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, 272 pp.

    Kegel, W. (1932) Zur Kenntnis palaeozoischer Ostrakoden: 2. Bairdiidae aus dem Mitteldevon des Rheinischen Schiefergebirges. Jahrbuch der Preußischen Geologischen Landesanstalt zu Berlin, 52, 245–256.

    Kegel, W. (1933) Zur Kenntnis palaozoischen Ostrakoden 3. Leperditiidae aus dem Mitteldevon des Rheinischen Schiefergebirges. Jahrbuch der Preußischen Geologischen Landesanstalt zu Berlin, 53, 907–935.

    Kellett, B. (1933) Ostracodes of the Upper Pennsylvanian and the Lower Permian strata of Kansas: 1. The Aparchitidae, Beyrichiidae, Glyptopleuridae, Kloedenellidae, Kirkbyidae, and Youngiellidae. Journal of Paleontology, 7, 59–108.

    Kempf, E.K. (1986–2008) Index and Bibliography of Marine Ostracoda 1-14. Sonderveröffentlichungen des Geologischen Instituts der Universität zu Köln, or CD-ROM. Available from: http://ostracoda-on.tripod.com/ (accessed 21 October 2015)

    Kesling, R.V. & Peterson, R.M. (1958) Middle Devonian hollinid ostracods from the Falls of the Ohio. Micropaleontology, 4, 129–148.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1484299

    Kesling, R.V. & Tabor, N.L. (1952) Two new species of ostracodes from the Genshaw Formation (Middle Devonian) of Michigan. Journal of Paleontology, 26, 761–763.

    Knight, J.B. (1928) Some Pennsylvanian ostracodes from the Henrietta Formation of eastern Missouri, Part I and part II. Journal of Paleontology, 2, 229–267 & 318–337.

    Krömmelbein, K. (1950) Ostrakoden–Studien im Devon der Eifel, 1: Arten der Gattung Bairdia McCoy im Mittel–Devon. Senckenbergiana lethaea, 31, 331–338.

    Krömmelbein, K. (1952) Ostrakoden–Studien im Devon der Eifel, 2: Die Taxonomische Stellung der Gattung Bairdiocypris und ihre Arten im Mittel–Devon. Senckenbegianalethaea, 32, 319–335.

    Krömmelbein, K. (1953) Ostrakoden–Studien im Devon der Eifel, 3: Nachweis der polnischen Gattungen Polyzygia und Poloniella im Mittel–Devon der Eifel. Senckenbergiana lethaea, 34, 53–59.

    Krömmelbein, K. (1954a) Eine Ostracoden–Fauna aus der Riff–Einlagerung im Plattenkalk der Paffrather Mulde (Givetium, Bergisches Land). Senckenbergiana lethaea, 34, 247–258.

    Krömmelbein, K. (1954b) Devonische Ostracoden aus der Gegend von Buchan und von der Küste der Waratah Bay, Victoria, Australien. Senckenbergiana lethaea, 35, 193–229.

    Krömmelbein, K. (1955) Ostrakoden-Studien im Devon der Eifel, 4: Arten der Gattungen Condracypris und Pachydomella im Mittel–Devon. Senckenbergiana lethaea, 36, 295–310.

    Kummerow, E. (1953) Über oberkarbonische und devonische Ostracoden in Deutschland und in der Volksrepublik Polen. Geologie, Beihefte, 7, 1–75.

    Kuwano, Y. (1987) Early Devonian Conodonts and Ostracodes from Central Japan. Bulletin of the National Science Museum Tokio, Series C, Geology & Paleontology, 13, 77–105.

    Latreille, P.A. (1802) Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes. Ouvrage faisant suite à 1'Histoire Naturelle générale et particulière, composée par Leclerc de Buffon et rédigée par C. S. Sonnini, Membre de plusieurs Sociétés savantes, tome 2, 382 pp.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.15764

    Le Fèvre, J. (1963) Microfaunes de l'Emsien et du Dévonien Moyen de la région Ougarta–Saoura (Sahara). Unpublished PhD thesis, Université de Bordeaux & Centre de Recherches de Pau, S.N.P.A., 180 pp.

    Le Fèvre, J. (1964) Succession d’associations d’Ostracodes et de Conodontes dans le Silurien, le Dévonien inférieur et l’Eifélien de quelques coupes de France et du Sahara. Mémoire B.R.G.M., 33, 297–315.

    Le Fèvre, J. (1967) Succession of Ostracod and Conodont Associations in the Silurian, Lower Devonian and Eifelian from several sections in France and the Sahara. Colloque sur le Dévonien Inférieur et ses limites, Rennes, 16–24 septembre, 1964, France, Mémoire B.R.G.M., 33, 373–389.

    Le Fèvre, J. (1971) Paleoecological observations on Devonian Ostracodes from the Ougarta Hills (Algeria). In: Oertli, H.J. (Ed.), Colloque sur la Paléoécologie des Ostracodes, Pau, 20–27 juillet 1970. Bulletin du Centre de Recherche de Pau, SPNA, 5 (Supplement), pp. 817–841.

    Le Maître, D. & Magne, F. (1964) Le Dévonien des carrières du "Banc Noir" et du "Griset" (Boulonnais). Annales de la Société Géologique du Nord, 84, 129–131.

    Lecompte, M. (1968) Le Dévonien de la Belgique et du Nord de la France. In: Oswald, D.H. (Ed.), International Symposium on the Devonian System. Alberta Society Petroleum of Geologists, Calgary, I, pp. 15–52.

    Lethiers, F. (1970) Quelques Ostracodes Frasniens du Bas-Boulonnais (France). Annales de la Société Géologique du Nord, 90, 69–75.

    Lethiers, F. (1974) Biostratigraphie des Ostracodes dans le Dévonien Supérieur du Nord de la France et de la Belgique. Newsletters on Stratigraphy, 3, 73–79.

    Lethiers, F. (1982) Les ostracodes du Dévonien supérieur (Nord de la France, Belgique, Ouest du Canada). Unpublished PhD thesis, Université des Sciences et Techniques de Lille, 489 pp.

    Lethiers, F. (1984) Zonation du Dévonien Supérieur par les ostracodes (Ardenne et Boulonnais). Revue de micropaléontologie, 27, 30–42.

    Lethiers, F. & Crasquin-Soleau, S. (1988) Comment extraire les microfossiles à tests calcitiques des roches calcaires dures. Revue de micropaléontologie, 31, 56–61.

    Lethiers, F. & Racheboeuf, P.R. (1993) Les ostracodes de la Formation de Kersadiou (Givétien du Massif Armoricain): biostratigraphie et paléoéologie. Geobios, 26, 595–607.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-6995(93)80038-s

    Lethiers, F. & Whatley, R. (1995) Oxygénation des eaux et ostracodes filtreurs: application au Dévonien-Dinantien. Geobios, 28, 199–207.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-6995(95)80227-4

    Lethiers, F., Le Fèvre, J., Vannier, J. & Weyant, M. (1985) Paléozoïque. In: Oertli, H.J. (Ed.), Atlas des Ostracodes de France. Bulletin des Centres de Recherches Exploration–Production Elf-Aquitaine, Mémoires, 9, pp. 3–87.

    Lethiers, F., Racheboeuf, P.R., Baudin, F. & Vaccari, E. (2001) A Typical Malvinokaffric Givetian ostracod fauna from Bolivia. Revue de Micropaléontologie, 44, 301–317.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0035-1598(01)90123-0

    Levinson, S.A. (1951) Thin sections of Paleozoic Ostracoda and their bearing on Magne, F. (1964) Données micropaléontologiques et stratigraphiques dans le Dévonien du Boulonnais (France) et du bassin de Namur (Belgique). Unpublished PhD thesis, Université de Paris & Centre de Recherches de Pau, S.N.P.A., 172 pp.

    Magne, F. (1964) Données micropaléontologiques et stratigraphiques dans le Dévonien du Boulonnais (France) et du bassin de Namur (Belgique). Unpublished PhD thesis, Université de Paris & Centre de Recherches de Pau, S.N.P.A., 172 pp.

    Maillet S. (2009) Les ostracodes de part et d’autre de la limite Formation du Mont d’Haurs (Giv. moy.) / Formation de Fromelennes (Giv. sup.) dans la coupe de Flohimont (Ardennes). Unpublished Master Memoir, Université Lille1 des Sciences et Technologies, Villeneuve-d'Ascq, 25 pp.

    Maillet, S. (2010) Les ostracodes du Givétien supérieur au bord sud du synclinorium de Dinant (Formation de Fromelennes, région de Givet, Ardennes) : biostratigraphie, paléoécologie, recherche de bioévénements. Unpublished Master Memoir, Université Lille des Sciences et Technologies, Villeneuve-d'Ascq, 41 pp.

    Maillet, S. (2013) Les ostracodes du Givétien (Dévonien moyen) de l’Ardenne. Paléobiodiversité, paléoécologie et bioévénements. Réponse biotique aux changements environnementaux d’une plate–forme carbonatée. Unpublished PhD thesis, Université Catholique de Lille & Université Lille1 des Sciences et Technologies, 726 pp. Available from: http://ori.univ-lille1.fr/notice/view/univ-lille1-ori-188602 (accessed 16 october 2015)

    Maillet, S. & Milhau, B. (2010) Ostracods and Taghanic Event in Ardennes. The Palaeontological Association 54th Annual Meeting, programme and abstracts, Ghent University, 17th–20th December 2010, 58.

    Maillet, S., Milhau, B. & Dojen, C. (2013b) Stratigraphical distribution of Givetian ostracods in the type–area of the Fromelennes Formation (Fromelennes, Ardennes, France) and their relationship to global events. . Bulletin of Geosciences, 88, 865–892.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.3140/bull.geosci.1424

    Maillet, S., Milhau, B. & Nicollin, J.-P. (2012b) Middle/Late Givetian ostracodes from the Aisne quarry (Heyd, Durbuy area, Belgium): stratigraphy, diversity, paleoecology and bioevents. 4th Geologica Belgica meeting, Brussels, September 10th–14th 2012, 135.

    Maillet, S., Milhau, B., Vreulx, M., Danelian, T., Monnet, C. & Nicollin, J.-P. (2013c) Ecophenotypic variation of the Devonian benthic ostracod species Cavellina rhenana Krömmelbein, 1954: a palaeoenvironmental proxy for the Ardenne (France–Belgium) and Rheno–Hercynian realm. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 392, 324–334.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.09.015

    Maillet, S., Tanjaoui-Arif, R., Milhau, B., Nicollin, J.-P. & Ouali Mehadji, A.K. (2012a) Ostracodes of the Chefar El Ahmar Formation (Middle Devonian) in the km30 section (Béni–Abbès area, Ougarta, Algeria). 24e Réunion des Ostracodologistes de Langue Française, Genève, June 1st–3rd 2012, 32.

    Maillet, S., Tanjaoui-Arif, R., Milhau, B., Nicollin, J.-P. & Ouali Mehadji, A. K. (2013a) Ostracodes of the Chefar El Ahmar Formation (Middle Devonian) in the Km30 section (Béni-Abbès area, Ougarta, Algeria). Revue de Paléobiologie, 32, 465–480.

    Malec, J. & Racki, G. (1993) Givetian and Frasnian ostracod associations from the Holy Cross Mountains. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 37, 359–384.

    Marshall, J.E.A., Brown, J.F. & Astin, T.R. (2011) Recognizing the Taghanic Crisis in the Devonian terrestrial environment and its implications for understanding land-sea interactions. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 304, 165–183.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.10.016

    Matern, H. (1929) Die Ostracoden des Oberdevons. 1 Teil. Aparchitidae, Primitiidae, Zygobolbidae, Beyrichiidae, Kloedenellidae, Entomidae. Abhandlungen der Preussischen geologischen Landesanstalt, NF, 118, 1–100.

    Matthew, G.F. (1886) On the Cambrian faunas of Cape Breton and Newfoundland. Transactions, Royal Society of Canada, 4, 29–84.

    Matthews, S.C. (1973) Notes on open nomenclature and on synonymy lists. Palaeontology, 16, 713–719.

    May, A. (1995) Relationship among sea-level fluctuation, biogeography and bioevents of the Devonian: an attempt to approach a powerful, but simple model for complex long-range control of biotic crises. Geolines, 3, 38–49.

    McCoy, F. (1844) A synopsis of the characters of the Carboniferous limestone fossils of Ireland. M.H. Gill, Dublin University Press, Dublin, 207 pp.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11559

    McGill, P.C. (1966) Ostracods of probable late Givetian age from Slave Point Formation, Alberta. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, 14, 104–133.

    McGill, P.C. (1968) Comparison of a Middle Givetian Ostracode Fauna from Carcajou Ridge, Northwest Territories, Canada, with similar Faunas from Europe. In: Oswald, D.H. (Ed.), International Symposium on the Devonian System. Alberta Society Petroleum of Geologists, Calgary, II, pp. 1069–1085.

    Michel, P. (1972) Polyzygia Guerich (Ostracoda) in the Devonian of Asturias and León (Spain). Leidse Geologische Mededelingen, 48, 207–273.

    Milhau, B. (1982) Les ostracodes du Givétien supérieur de l’Ardenne et du Boulonnais. Unpublished DEA Memoir, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Villeneuve-d'Ascq, 47 pp.

    Milhau, B. (1983a) Valeur biostratigraphique et paléoécologique des ostracodes du Givétien supérieur de la région-type (Ardenne). Geobios, 16, 347–359.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-6995(83)80004-7

    Milhau, B. (1983b) Ostracodes du Givétien supérieur du Boulonnais, corrélations avec l’Ardenne. Annales de la Société Géologique du Nord, 102, 217–236.

    Milhau, B. (1988) Ostracodes du Givétien de Ferques (Dévonien Moyen, Boulonnais – France). In: Brice, D. (Ed.), Le Dévonien de Ferques, Bas Boulonnais (N. France), Biostratigraphie du Paléozoïque, 7, pp. 479–491.

    Milhau, B. (1996) Les ostracodes au voisinage de la limite Eifélien–Givétien au Maroc: comparaison avec ceux d’Europe occidentale. Annales de la Société Géologique du Nord, 4, 2e Série, 71–80.

    Milhau, B., Hou, H. & Wu, X. (1997) Présence de Leperditidae (Ostracoda) dans le Dévonien terminal d’Etaoucun (Guangxi, Chine du Sud). Signification paléoécologique. Geobios, 30, 387–395.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-6995(97)80043-5

    Moore, R.C. (Editor) (1961) Treatise on invertebrate paleontology, Part Q, Arthropoda 3, Crustacea, Ostracoda. New York and Lawrence, Geological Society of America & University of Kansas Press, 442 pp.

    Morey, P.S. (1935) Ostracoda from the Amsden Formation of Wyoming. Journal of Morzadec, P. & Weyant, M. (1978) Succession des faunes de conodontes et d'ostracodes de l'Emsien supérieur au Famennien inférieur, dans la Rade de Brest, Massif armoricain. Abstracts of Papers Presented: International Symposium on the Devonian System (P.A.D.S. 78, University of Bristol). Palaeontological Association, London, 43 pp.

    Nazik, A. & Becker, G. (2008) Devonian Ostracodes from the Eastern and Central Taurides (Turkey). Final Meeting of IGCP 497 “The Rheic Ocean: Its Origin, Evolution and Correlatives” and IGCP 499 “Devonian Land–Sea Interactions: Evolution of Ecosystems and Climate” (DEVEC), 20th International Senckenberg Conference & 2nd Geinitz Conference: From Gondwana and Laurussia to Pangaea: Dynamics of Oceans and Supercontinents. Abstracts and Programme, Frankfurt-am-Main, 218 pp.

    Nazik, A., Yalçın, M.N., Wilde, V., Wehrmann, A., Yılmaz, İ., Schindler, E., Kozlu, H. & Bozdoğan, N. (2012) Palaeoecology and Palaeogeography of Ostracods from the Devonian of Halevikdere (Eastern Taurides, Turkey). Paleozoic of Northern Gondwana and its Petroleum Potential a Field Workshop, Turkish Association of Petroleum Geologists, Special Publication, Extended Abstracts, 6, 35–36.

    Nazik, A., Yılmaz, İ., Nalcıoğlu, G., Saydam, G., Wilde, V., Yalçın, M.N. & Becker, G. (2007) Devonian ostracods of the Eastern Taurids (Turkey) and their paleogeographic implications. 19th International Senckenberg Conference, Europeans Ostracodologist’s Meeting VI, Abstract Volume, 37.

    Nehring-Lefeld, M., Olempska, E., Malec, J. & Żbikowska, B. (2003) Gromada Ostracoda Latreille, 1802. In: Malinowska, L. (Ed.), Budowa geologiczna Polski, tom III, Atlas Skamieniałości przewodnich i charakterystycznych, część 1b, Dewon. Państwowy Instytut, Geologiczny, pp. 367–457.

    Olempska, E. (1974) Beyrichiacea from the Givetian of the Holy Cross Mts, Poland. Acta Palaeontologia Polonica, 19, 519–533.

    Olempska, E. (1979) Middle to Upper Devonian Ostracoda from the southern Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. Palaeontologia Polonica, 40, 57–162.

    Olempska, E. (2012) Morphology and affinities of Eridostracina: Palaeozoic ostracods with moult retention. Hydrobiologia, 688, 139–165.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-011-0659-7

    Olempska, E. & Chauffe, K.M. (1999) Ostracodes of the Maple Mill Shale Formation (Upper Devonian) of southeastern Iowa, U.S.A. Micropaleontology, 45, 304–318.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1486139

    Olempska, E., Nazik, A., Çapkinoğlu, E. & Saydam-Demiray, D.G. (2014) Lower Devonian ostracods from the Istanbul area, Western Pontides (NW Turkey): Gondwanan and peri–Gondwanan affinities. Geological Magazine, 152, 298–315.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0016756814000296

    Peterson, R.M. (1964) Ostracodes of the superfamilies Quasillitacea and Kloedenellacea from the Middle Devonian strata of Michigan, Ohio, New York, and Ontario. Journal of Paleontology, 38, 836–865.

    Peterson, R.M. (1966) Ostracodes of genera Bufina and Euglyphella from the Middle Devonian of New York, Ohio, Michigan and Ontario. Journal of Paleontology, 40, 1–20.

    Pinte, E. & Mistiaen, B. (2009) Taghanic in Ardennes: Event or crisis? Prospectives en Paléontologie et Palynologie, 5 juin 2009, 4ème congrès de l'APF – 21ème réunion de l'APLF, Lille, France, 66.

    Pinte, E. & Mistiaen, B. (2010) What's impact of Taghanic Event on tabulate corals of Ardennes? Third International Palaeontological Congress, June 26th–July 7th, 2010, London (UK), Programme and Abstracts, 315.

    Pokorńy, V. (1951) The ostracods of the Middle Devonian Red Coral Limestones of Celechowice. Sborník Státního Geologického Ústavu Československé Republiky, 17, 580–630.

    Polenova, E.N. (1952) Ostracodes from the upper part of the Givetian Stage of the Russian Platform. Trudy Vsesoûznogo neftyânogo Naučno–Issledovatel’skogo Geologo–Razvedočnogo Instituta (VNIGRI), Novaâ Seriâ, 60, 65–156. [in Russian]

    Polenova, E.N. (1953) Ostracods from the Devonian deposits of the central Devonian field and the middle Volga area. Trudy Vsesoûznogo neftyânogo Naučno–Issledovatel’skogo Geologo–Razvedočnogo Instituta (VNIGRI), Novaâ Seriâ, 68 1–157. [in Russian]

    Polenova, E.N. (1955) Devonian ostracods of the Volga Ural area. Trudy Vsesoûznogo neftyânogo Naučno–Issledovatel’skogo Geologo-Razvedočnogo Instituta (VNIGRI), Novaâ Seriâ, 87, 191–287. [in Russian]

    Polenova, E.N. (1960) Devonian ostracods of the Kuznetsk Basin and the Minusinsk trough. Trudy Vsesoûznogo neftyânogo Naučno–Issledovatel’skogo Geologo–Razvedočnogo Instituta (VNIGRI), Novaâ Seriâ, 152, 1–139. [in Russian]

    Polenova, E.N. (1970) Late Silurian and Early Devonian ostracods of the Altai–Sayan region. Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R., Siberian Branch, Geology and Geophysics Institute, Nauka, Moscow, 127, 1–106. [in Russian]

    Posner, V.M. (1951) Lower Carboniferous ostracoda from the western limb of the Moscow Basin. Trudy Vsesoûznogo neftyânogo Naučno–Issledovatel’skogo Geologo–Razvedočnogo Instituta (VNIGRI), Novaâ Seriâ, 56, 1–108. [in Russian]

    Préat, A. & Mamet, B. (1989) Sédimentation de la plateforme carbonatée givétienne franco–belge. Bulletin des Centres de Recherche Exploration-Production Elf-Aquitaine, 13, 47–86.

    Přibyl, A. (1950) On some new Ostracodes of the Lower and Middle Devonian of Bohemia. Bulletin international de l’Académie tchèque des Sciences, 52, 1–43.

    Přibyl, A. (1953) The ostracodes of the Middle Devonian (Givetian) of Poland in the profile Grzegorzowice–Skaly in the Gory Swietokrzyskie (Holy Cross Mountains). Sborník Státního Geologického Ústavu Československé Republiky, 20, 313–344.

    Přibyl, A. (1970) Zur Ostracodenfauna des bulgarischen and jugoslawischen Silurs und Devons. Bulletin of the Geological Institute of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (Sofia), Series Paleontology, 19, 111–132.

    Přibyl, A. & Šnajdr, M. (1951) O nových ostrakodech z vápenců chotečských g (střední devon) z Holynĕ u Prahy. Sborník Státního Geologického Ústavu Československé Republiky, 17, 101–184.

    Rabaté, J. (1966) Les ostracodes du Dévonien des Doukkala. Document du Bureau de Recherches & de Participations Minières, Division de l’Exploration Pétrolière, 54 pp.

    Racheboeuf, P.R., Casier, J.-G., Plusquellec, Y., Toro, M., Mendoza, D., Da Gloria Pires de Carvalho, M., Le Herisse, A., Paris, F., Fernández-Martinez, E., Tourneur, F., Broutin, J., Crasquin, S. & Janvier, P. (2012) New data on the Silurian-Devonian palaeontology and biostratigraphy of Bolivia. Bulletin of Geosciences, 87, 269–314.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.3140/bull.geosci.1248

    Richter, R. (1948) Einführung in die Zoologische Nomenklatur. Kramer, Frankfurt, 2e ed., 252 pp.

    Robardet, M., Groos-Uffenorde, H., Gandl, J. & Racheboeuf, P.R. (1991) Trilobites et Ostracodes du Dévonien inférieur de la zone d’Ossa-Morena (Espagne). Geobios, 24, 333–348.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-6995(09)90013-4

    Roth, R. (1929) Some ostracodes from the Haragan Marl, Devonian, of Oklahoma. Journal of Paleontology, 3, 327–372.

    Rozhdestvenskaja, A.A. (1959) Ostracodes from the Devonian terrigenous beds of Western Bashkiria and their stratigraphic significance. In: Čibrikova, E.V. & Rozhdestvenskaja, A.A. (Eds.), Materialy po paleontologii i stratigrafii Devonskikh i bolee drevnikh otlozhenii Bashkirii. Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moskva, pp. 117–245.

    Rozhdestvenskaja, A.A. (1962) Middle Devonian Ostracoda from the western slope of the southern Ural Mountains, pre-Uralian trough and platform parts of Bashkiria. In: Tâževa, A., Rozhdestvenskaja, A.A. & Čibrikova, E.V. (Eds.), Brakhiopody, ostrakody i spory srednego i verhnego Devona Baškirii. Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moskva, pp. 169–349. [in Russian]

    Rozhdestvenskaja, A.A. (1972) Ostracoda from the Upper Devonian of Bashkiria. Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R., Bashkiria section, Nauka, 1–194. [in Russian]

    Rusconi, C. (1954) Fossiles Cambricos y Ordovicios de San Isidro. Boletins paleontologica de Buenos Aires, 30, 1–4.

    Salas, M.J., Rustán, J.J. & Sterren, A.F. (2013) Lower and Middle Devonian Malvinokaffric ostracods from the Precordillera Basin of San Juan, Argentina. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 45, 56–68.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2013.02.002

    Sars, G.O. (1866) Oversigt of Norges marine Ostracoder. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs–Selskabet i Christiania, 7, 1–130.

    Sars, G.O. (1888) Nye bitrag til kundskaben om Middlehavets invertebratfauna, 4: Ostracoda mediterranea. Archiv for Mathematik og Naturvidenskab, 12, 173–324.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10252

    Scott, H.W. (1959) Type species of Paraparchites Ulrich and Bassler. Journal of Paleontology, 33, 670–674.

    Shaver, R.H. (1961) Family Bairdiocyprididae. In: Moore, R.C. (Ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part Q, Arthropoda 3, Crustacea, Ostracoda. Geological Society of America & University of Kansas Press, pp. 364–367.

    Slechta, O. (1996) Ostracode faunas from the Lower/Middle Devonian section in Praha–Barrandov. Bulletin of the Czech Geological Survey, 71, 135–144.

    Sohn, I.G. (1960) Paleozoic Species of Bairdia and Related Genera. Revision of some Paleozoic Ostracode Genera. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 300A, 1–105.

    Sohn, I.G. (1961) Aechminella, Amphissites, Kirkbyella and related genera. Revision of some Paleozoic Ostracode Genera. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 330B, 107–160.

    Sohn, I.G. (1971) New Late Mississippian Ostracode Genera and Species From Northern Alaska. A Revision of the Paraparchitacea. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 711A, 1–22.

    Stampfli, G.M., Von Raumer, J.F. & Borel, G.D. (2002) Paleozoic evolution of pre–Variscan terranes: From Gondwana to the Variscan collision. In: Martínez Catalán, J.R., Hatcher, R.D. Jr., Arenas, R. & Díaz García, F. (Eds.), Variscan–Appalachian dynamics: The building of the late Paleozoic basement. Geological Society o