Abstract
The anthocorid Montandoniola moraguesi (Puton), an oligophagous predator of thrips, is widely used as a biological agent. It was introduced in 1964 from the Philippine Islands to control the Cuban laurel thrips (Gynaikothrips ficorum) in Bermuda, and then in Hawaii and other localities. Examination of specimens from various parts of the world, and a study of type specimens, indicate that several species have been confused since the 1960’s under the name Montandoniola moraguesi (Puton, 1896). The present paper brings: (1) a redefinition of M. moraguesi; (2) the restoration and redefinition of two species erroneously synonymized with M. moraguesi: M. thripodes Bergroth, 1916 and M. pictipennis (Esaki, 1931); (3) and the description of a new species, M. confusa sp. nov., from Guadeloupe. Dorsal habitus views and illustrations of the metathoracic scent gland area and male and female genitalia are provided for each species. M. moraguesi seems to be restricted to the Mediterranean region and Africa. M. thripodes and M. pictipennis are known only by their type material described from Hong-Kong and Japan, respectively. M. confusa sp. nov. appears to be a widely distributed species: discovered in Guadeloupe, its presence is confirmed in Hawaii, USA, Bermuda, and Australia. Literature record indicates, apparently, that the species has often been confused with M. moraguesi and it is likely that the species was used – under this name – for biological control in several parts of the world.References
Bennet, F.D. (1995) Montandoniola moraguesi (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), a new immigrant to Florida: friend or foe? Vedalia, 2, 3–6.
Bergevin, E. de (1926) Note sur Trioza alacris Flor., parasite de Laurus nobilis L. et son prédateur Anthocoris minki Dohrn. Bulletin de la Société d’Histoire naturelle de l’Afrique du Nord, 17, 247–249.
Bergroth, E. (1916) New and little known Heteropterous Hemiptera in the Unites States National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 51 (2150), 215–239.
Bu, W. & Zheng, L. (2001) Hemiptera Lasiochiilidae, Lyctocoridae, Anthocoridae. Fauna Sinica, Insecta vol. 24. Science Press, Beijing, China. 266 p.
Cabrera, I. & Segarra, A. (2008) A new gall-including species of Holopothrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) from Tabebuia Trumpet trees in Caribbean region. Florida Entomologist, 91(2), 232–236.
Carayon, J. (1958) Etudes sur les Hémiptères Cimicoidea. I. – Position des genres Bilia, Bilianella et Wollastoniella dans une tribu nouvelle (Oriini) des Anthocoridae ; différences entre ces derniers et les Miridae Isometopinae (Heteroptera). Mémoires du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, série A Zoologie, 16 (5), 141–172.
Carayon, J. (1961a) Quelques remarques sur les Hémiptères-Hétéroptères: leur importance comme insectes auxiliaires et les possibilités de leur utilisation dans la lutte biologique. Entomophaga, 6 (2), 133–141.
Carayon, J. (1961b) South African Animal Life. Results of the Lund University Expedition in 1950–1951. Hemiptera (Heteroptera) Anthocoridae XII: 533–557.
Carayon, J. (1972) Caractères systématiques et classification des Anthocoridae (Hemipt.). Annales de la Sociét entomologique de France (N.S.), 8 (2), 309–349.
Carayon, J. & Ramade, F. (1962) Note sur la présence en France et en Italie de Montandoniola moraguesi (Puton) avec quelques observations sur cet Hétéroptère Anthocoridé. Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, 67, 207–211.
Davis, C.L. & Krauss, N.L.H. (1965) Recent introductions for biological control in Hawaii. X. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 19 (1), 87–90.
Davis, C.L. & Krauss, N.L.H. (1966) Recent introductions for biological control in Hawaii. XI. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 19 (2), 201–207.
Del Cañizo, J. (1944) Les agallas foliares de los Ficus ornamentales. Boletín de Patología vegetal y Entomología Agrícola, 13, 323–334.
Denmark, H.A., Fasulo, R. & Funderburk, J.E. (2004) Cuban laurel thrips, Gynaikothrips ficorum (Marchal) (Insecta: Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae). http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/IN599 (24 IV 2009).
Dobbs, T.T. & Boyd, D.W. (2006) Status and distribution of Montandoniola moraguesi (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) in the continental United States. Florida Entomologist, 89 (1), 41–46.
Esaki, T. (1931) Undescribed Hemiptera from Japan and Formosa. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, 13 (3), 261–269.
Esaki, T. (1934) Iconography of Insect of Japan, p. 1673, f. 3305.
Esaki, T. (1950) Iconography of Insect of Japan, ed. 2, p. 256, f. 671.
Funasaki, G.Y. (1966) Studies on the life cycle and propagation technique of Montandoniola moraguesi (Puton) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 19 (2), 209–211.
Gómez-Menor Guerrero, J.M. (1956) Anthocoridos de España y Marruecos. Institudo de Estudois Africanos, Madrid: 120 pp.
Halbert, S. (2001) Beneficial Insects. Tri-ology (Entomology Section), 40 (3).
Halbert, S. (2002) Beneficial Insects. Tri-ology (Entomology Section), 41 (5).
Henry, T.J. (1988) Family Anthocoridae Fieber, 1837, pp. 12–28. In T.J. Henry & R.C. Froeschner (eds.), Catalog of the Heteroptera, or true bugs of Canada and the Continental United States. St. Lucie Press. Boca Raton, FL. 958 pp.
Hernández, L.M. & Stonedahl, G.M. (1999) A review of the economically important species of the genus Orius (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) in East Africa. Journal of Natural History, 33: 543–568.
Herring, J.L. (1966) The correct name for an Anthocorid predator of the Cuban Laurel Thrips (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 68 (2), 93.
Herring, J.L. (1967) Heteroptera: Anthocoridae. Insects of Micronesia, 7(8), 391–414.
Hiura, I. (1959) Contribution to the knowledge of Anthocoridae from Japan and its adjacent territories (Hemiptera-Heteroptera) 1. Bulletin of the Osaka Museum of Natural History, 11, 1–10.
Horváth, G. (1909) Hémiptères recueillis par M. Th. Becker aux îles Canaries. Annales Musei nationalis Hungarici, 7, 289–301.
Lattin, J.D. (1999) Bionomics of the Anthocoridae. Annual Review of Entomology, 44, 207–231.
Lattin, J.D. (2000) Minute Pirate Bugs (Anthocoridae) pp. 607–637, in C.W. Schaefer & A.R. Panizzi (eds.), Heteroptera of economic importance, CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 828 pp.
Lattin, J.D. (2007a) The Lasiochilidae, Lyctocoridae, and Anthocoridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of the Hawaiian islands: native or introduced? Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 109 (1), 75–80.
Lattin, J.D. (2007b) The non-indigenous Lyctocoridae and Anthocoridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cimicoidea) of America North of Mexico. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 109 (2), 366–376.
Lewis, T. (1973) Thrips, their biology, ecology and economic importance. Academic Press, London. 349 pp.
Linnavuori, R. (1961) Hemiptera of Israel, II. Annales Zoologici Societatis Botanicae Fennicae “Vanamo, 22 (7), 1–51.
Lindberg, H. (1953) Hemiptera Insularum Canariensium. Commentationes Biologicae, 14 (1), 1–304.
Marchal, P. (1908) Sur une nouvelle espèce de Thrips (Thysanopt.) nuisible aux Ficus en Algérie. Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, 14, 251–253.
Melis, A. (1935) Tisanotteri italiani. Studio anatomo-morfologico del Liotripide dell’olivo (Liothrips oleae Costa). Redia, 21, 1–187.
Michel, B., Etienne, J. & Ovarbury, T. (2008) A new invasive Thrips in the French Antilles : Holopothrips tabebuia (Thys., Phlaeothripidae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 113(4), 419–420.
Mound, L.A., Wang, C. & Okajima, S. (1995) Observations in Taiwan on the identity of the Cubal laurel thrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeopothripidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 103, 185–190.
Muraleedharan, N. (1977) Some genera of Anthocorinae (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) from south India. Entomon, 2, 231–235.
Muraleedharan, N. & Ananthakrishnan, T.N. (1971) Bionomics of Montandoniola moraguesi (Puton) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae), a predator on gall thrips. Bulletin of Entomology. Entomological Society of India, 12(1), 4–10.
Muraleedharan, N. & Ananthakrishnan, T.N. (1978) Bioecology of four species of Anthocoridae (Hemiptera: Insecta) predaceous on thrips with key to genera of Anthocorids from India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occasional Paper, 11, 1–32.
Paine, T.D. (1992) Cuban Laurel Thrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) Biology in Southern California: Seasonal Abundance, Temperature Dependent Development, Leaf Suitability, and Predation. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 85 (2), 164–172.
Péricart, J. (1972) Hémiptères Anthocoridae, Cimicidae et Microphysidae de l’ouest-Paléarctique. Faune de l’Europe et du Bassin Méditerranéen, 7. Masson et Cie, Paris. 402 pp.
Péricart, J. (1996) Family Anthocoridae Fieber, 1836, Flower bug, minute pirate bugs, pp. 108–140. In Aukema, B. & Rieger, C. (eds.), Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region Vol. 2, Cimicomorpha I. The Netherlands Entomological Society, Amsterdam, 361 pp.
Péricart, J. & Halperin, J. (1989) The Anthocoridae of Israel (Heteroptera). Phytoparasitica, 17 (2), 91–98.
Poppius, B. (1909) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Anthocoriden. Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fennicae, 37 (9), 1–43.
Poppius, B. (1910) 12 Hemiptera. 4 Miridae, Anthocoridae, Termatophilidae, Microphysidae und Nabidae. In Sjöstedt B.Y. (ed.), Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der schwedischen zoologichen Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro dem Meru und den umgebenden Massaisteppen Deutsch-Östafrikas 1905–1906. Vol. 2 Part 12. P. Palmquists Stockholm: 25–59.
Postle, A.C., Steiner, M.Y. & Goodwin, S. (2001) Oriini (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) new to Australia. Australian Journal of Entomology, 40 (3), 231–244.
Priesner, H. & Alfieri, A. (1953) A review of the Hemiptera Heteroptera known to us from Egypt. Bulletin de la Société Fouad Ier d’Entomologie, 37 (1), 1–119.
Puton, A. (1896) Hémiptères nouveaux. Revue d’Entomologie, 15, 232–234.
Puton, A. (1888) Un genre nouveau d’Hétéroptères et notes diverses. Revue d’Entomologie, 7, 255–257.
Ramade, F. (1960) Contribution l’étude des Rhynchotes Hétéroptères terrestres de Provence. Annales de la Sociét entomologique de France, 129, 201–222.
Reimer, N.J. (1988) Predation on Liothrips urichi Karny (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae): a Case of Biotic Interference. Environmental Entomology, 17 (1), 132–134.
Risbec, J. (1951) Sur les galles de Thrips de «Guierra senegalensis». Actas da Conferência Internacional dos Africanistas Ocidentais em Bissau 1947, 3(2), Lisboa: 257–263.
Rivnay, E. (1947) Biology of Gynaikothrips ficorum Marsh. in Palestine. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique d’Egypte, 31, 129–140.
Servadei, A. (1995) Rhynchota - Heteroptera - Homoptera - Auchenorrhyncha, catalogo topographico e sinonimico. Fauna d’Italia IX. Calderini, Bologna. 851 pages.
Stichel, W. (1958–1960) Illustrierte Bestimmungstabellen der Wanzen. II. Europa. (Hemiptera: Heteroptera Europae) 3 (1958): 1–32, (1959): 33–192, (1960): 193–428. Stichel, Berlin-Hermsdorf.
Tawfik, M.F.S. (1967) Microfauna of the leaf-rolls of Ficus nitida Thunb.-Hort. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique d’Egypte, 51, 483–487.
Tawfik, M.F.S. & Nagui, A. (1965) The biology of Montandoniella moraguesi Puton, a predator of Gynaikothrips ficorum Marchal, in Egypt. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique d’Egypt, 49, 181–200.
Tomokuni, M., Yasunaga, T., Takai, M., Yashamita, I., Kawamura, M. & Kawasawa, T. (1993) A field guide to Japanese Bugs – Terrestrial Heteropterans. Zenkoku Noson Kyoiku Kyokai, Publishing Co. Tokyo Japan. 380p.
Villiers, A. (1952) Hémiptères de l’Afrique Noire. Initiations Africaines n° IX, 255 pp. Dakar : Institut Français d’Afrique Noire.
Yasunaga, T., Takai, M., Kawasawa, T. & Nakatani, Y. (2001) A field guide to Japanese Bugs II– Terrestrial Heteropterans. Zenkoku Noson Kyoiku Kyokai, Publishing Co. Tokyo Japan. 350 pp.
Yamada, K., Hirowatari, T., Susila W. & Okajima, S. (2007) The flower bug genus Montandoniola Poppius (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) from Indonesia, with description of two new species. Zootaxa, 1604, 37–45.