Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Article
Published: 2009-03-25
Page range: 41–48
Abstract views: 57
PDF downloaded: 20

Isozoanthus antumbrosus, a new species of zoanthid (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Zoanthidea) symbiotic with Hydrozoa from the Caribbean, with a key to hydroid and sponge-symbiotic zoanthid species

Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32306-4295, USA
Coelenterata cryptic species Macrocnemina Parazoanthidae symbiosis

Abstract

Isozoanthus antumbrosus, a new species of zooxanthellate zoanthid, is described. Colonies associate with the arborescent hydroid Dentitheca dendritica in the Caribbean Sea at 1–60 m. The coenenchyme, column, and oral disk are seal brown. The tentacles are golden brown and number 30–38. The coloration of the oral disk and tentacles recalls an annular solar eclipse. Polyps are 4.1–8.9 mm long and 2.2–4.3 mm in diameter. Genetic, morphological, and ecological characters differentiate this species from other hydroid-symbiotic zoanthids. Assignment to the genus Isozoanthus is based on morphology, with the acknowledgment that the currently accepted genera may not reflect evolutionary relationships.

References

  1. Beaulieu, S.E. (2001) Life on glass houses: sponge stalk communities in the deep sea. Marine Biology, 138, 803–817.

    Carlgren, O. (1899). Zoantharien. Ergebnisse der Hamburger Magalhaensischen Sammelreise, 1, 1–47.

    Chun, C. (1903) Aus den Tiefen des Weltmeeres. Schilderungen von der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. von Gustav Fisher, Jena, 592 pp.

    Cutress, C.E. & Pequegnat, W.E. (1960) Three new species of Zoantharia from California. Pacific Science, 14, 89–100.

    Delage, Y. & Hérouard, E. (1901) Traité de Zoologie Concrète, vol II. Les Coelentérés. Reinwald, Paris, 848 pp.

    Duerden, J.E. (1900) Jamaican Actiniaria. Part II-Stichodactylinæ and Zoantheæ. Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society, 7, 133–208.

    Haddon, A.C. & Shackleton, A.M. (1891a) A Revision of the British Actiniæ. Part II.: The Zoantheæ. Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society, 4, 609–672.

    Haddon, A.C. & Shackleton, A.M. (1891b) Reports on the zoological collections made in the Torres Straits by Professor A. C. Haddon, 1888–1889. Actiniæ: I. Zoantheæ. Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society, 4, 673–701.

    Lwowsky, F.F. (1913) Revision der Gattung Sidisia Gray (Epizoanthus auct.). Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Zoanthiden. Zoologische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Ökologie und Geographie der Tiere, 34, 557–613.

    McMurrich, J.P. (1904) The Actiniae of the Plate Collection. Zoologische Jahrbücher, 2, 215–306.

    Nutting, C.C. (1900) American hydroids. Part I. The Plumularidae. Smithsonian Institution, United States Special Bulletin, 4, 1–285.

    Reimer, J.D., Nonaka, M., Sinniger, F. & Iwase F. (2008) Morphological and molecular characterization of a new genus and new species of parazoanthid (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia: Zoantharia) associated with Japanese Red Coral. Coral Reefs, 27, 935–949.

    Saffo, M.B. (1992) Coming to terms with a field: Words and concepts in symbiosis. Symbiosis, 14, 17–31.

    Sinniger, F., Montoya-Burgos, J.I., Chevaldonné, P. & Pawlowski, J. (2005) Phylogeny of the order Zoantharia (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia) based on the mitochondrial ribosome genes. Marine Biology, 147, 1121–1128.

    Swain, T.D. (in press) Phylogeny-based species delimitations and the evolution of host associations in symbiotic zoanthids (Anthozoa, Zoanthidea) of the wider Caribbean region. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.

    Swain, T.D. & Wulff, J.L. (2007) Diversity and specificity of Caribbean sponge-zoanthid symbioses: a foundation for understanding the adaptive significance of symbioses and generating hypotheses about higher-order systematics. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 92, 695–711.

    West, D.A. (1979) Symbiotic zoanthids (Anthozoa, Cnidaria) of Puerto Rico. Bulletin of Marine Science, 29, 253–271.