Abstract
Caligus praecinctorius sp. nov. is described on the basis of females taken from the gills of Gymnocranius grandoculisValenciennes, 1830, G. euanus (Günther, 1879) and Epinephelus fasciatus (Forsskål, 1775), all caught in New Caledonia.The new species is characterised by having the posteromedian lobe of the cephalothorax completely covering the fourthpedigerous somite in dorsal view, and by the genital complex being 2.7 times wider than long. A second new species, C.macoloricola sp. nov., is described based on material from the gills of Macolor niger (Forsskål, 1775). It is distinguishedby the combination of a 3-segmented leg 4 with 4 spines on the distal segment, a vestigial post-antennal process, and theconfiguration of the setal elements on the exopod of leg 1. The status of a number of other Caligus species is reviewed. Itis proposed to treat C. angustatus Krøyer, 1863 as a junior subjective synonym of C. gurnardi Krøyer, 1863, C. dactylusHo, Lin & Chang, 2007 as a junior subjective synonym of C. dactylopteni Uma Devi & Shyamasundari, 1981, and C.kirtioides Ho & Lin, 2004 as a junior subjective synonym of C. jawahari Hameed & Adamkutty, 1985. Caligus bifurcatusPearse, 1952 is recognised as a junior subjective synonym of Tuxophorus caligodes Wilson, 1908. Caligus cristatusGould, 1841 is here treated as a species inquirendum in the pandarid genus Dinemoura Latreille, 1829. Caligus elevatusKirtisinghe, 1964 is discovered to be an incorrect subsequent spelling of C. clavatus Kirtisinghe, 1964. Caligus gayiNicolet, 1849 is here treated as a species inquirendum. It is proposed to treat C. oligoplitisi Carvalho, 1956, C. validusPearse, 1952 and C. mercatoris Capart, 1941 as junior subjective synonyms of C. robustus Bassett-Smith, 1898 and a listof known hosts of this species is presented. Caligus pterois Kurian, 1949 has priority over Caligus russellii Kurien, 1950,which is here treated as a junior objective synonym, since the two descriptions were based on the same material. We rejectCressey’s (1991) proposal to treat C. tenax Heller, 1865 as a synonym of C. chorinemi Krøyer, 1863 and we retain C. tenaxas a valid species. We propose to treat C. spinosurculus Pearse, 1951 as a junior subjective synonym of C. tenax. Wepropose to treat C. multispinosus Shen, 1957 as a junior subjective synonym of C. stromatei Krøyer, 1863. We note thatCaligus trichiuri Krøyer, 1863 is the oldest available name for the taxon Metacaligus uruguayensis Thomsen, 1949. SoCaligus (Metacaligus) uruguayensis Thomsen, 1949 becomes a junior subjective synonym and the valid name for this taxon is Metacaligus trichiuri (Krøyer, 1863).References
Bassett-Smith, P.W. (1898) Some new or rare parasitic copepods found on fish in the Indo-tropic region. Annals and Magazine of Natural History Series 7, 2, 357–372, pls 10–12.
Bere, R. (1936) Parasitic copepods from Gulf of Mexico fish. American Midland Naturalist, 17, 577–625.
Boxshall G.A. (1990) The skeletomusculature of siphonostomatoid copepods, with an analysis of adaptive radiation in structure of the oral cone. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London, Series B, 328, 167–212.
Boxshall, G. (2012) Caligus O.F. Müller, 1785. In: Walter, T.C., Boxshall, G. (Eds) World Copepoda database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species. Available from http://www.marinespecies.org (accessed 15 May 2012)
Boxshall, G.A & El-Rashidy, H.H. (2009) A review of the Caligus productus species group, with the description of a new species, new synonymies and supplementary descriptions. Zootaxa, 2271, 1–26.
Boxshall, G.A. & Gurney, A.R. (1980) Descriptions of two new and one poorly known species of the genus Caligus Müller, 1785 (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology series, 39, 161–178.
Boxshall G.A. & Huys, R. (2007) Copepoda of New Caledonia. In: Payri, C.E. & Richer de Forges, B. (Eds.), Compendium of Marine Species from New Caledonia. (Vol. Documents Scientifiques et Techniques II7, Deuxième Edition, pp. 259–265). Nouméa, New Caledonia: Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, 435pp + Colour Plates.
Brian, A. (1924) Parasitologia Mauritanica. Arthropoda (1re partie), Copepoda. Copépodes commensaux et parasites des côtes mauritaniennes. Bulletin du comité d’Études Historiques et Scientifiques de l’Afrique occidentale française, 364–427.
Capart, A. (1941) Copepoda Parasitica. Résultats Scientifiques des Croisières du Navire-École Belge « Mercator », 3, 171–197.
Carvalho, J. de P. (1956) Caligus oligoplitisi sp.n. copepod parasito del “zapatero” Oligoplitis saliens (Bloch). Neotropica, 2, 15–19.
Causey, D. (1953) Parasitic Copepoda of Texas coastal fishes. Publication of the Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Texas, 3, 6–16.
Cressey, R. (1991) Parasitic copepods from the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea, III: Caligus. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 497, 1–53.
Froese R. & Pauly D. (Eds.) (2012) FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. Available from http://www.fishbase.org (accessed 15 May 2012)
Gay, C. (1854) Atlas de la Historia fisica y politica de Chile por Claudio Gay. Tomo Segundo. E. Thunot & Co., Paris.
Gould, A.A. (1841) Report on the Invertebrata of Massachusetts, comprising the Mollusca, Crustacea, Annelida, and Radiata. Cambridge, Massachusetts, 373 pp.
Hameed, M.S. & Adamkutty, K.P. (1985) Description of a new species of Caligus (Copepoda: Caligidae) from Kerala. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 32, 471–477.
Heller, C. (1865) Crustaceen. In: Reise der Österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859. (Zoologie), 2, 1–280, pls 1–25.
Hewitt, G.C. (1971) Species of Lepeophtheirus (Copepoda, Caligidae) recorded from the ocean sunfish (Mola mola) and their implications for the caligid genus Dentigryps. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 28, 323–334.
Ho, J.S. & Bashirullah, A.K.M. (1977) Two species of caligid copepods (Crustacea) parasitic on marine fishes of Venezuela, with discussion of Metacaligus Thomsen, 1949. Journal of Natural History, 11, 703–714.
Ho, J.S. & Lin, C.L. (2001) Sea Lice (Copepoda, Caligidae) parasitic on carangid fishes of Taiwan. Journal of the Fisheries Society of Taiwan, 28, 177–201.
Ho, J.S. & Lin, C.L. (2004) Sea Lice of Taiwan (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Caligidae). The Sueichan Press, Keelung, 388 pp.
Ho, J.S. & Lin, C.L. (2007) Three species of Caligus Müller, 1785 (Copepoda: Caligidae) parasitic on Caranx spp. (Teleostei: Carangidae) off Taiwan. Systematic Parasitology, 68, 33–43.
Ho, J.S., Lin, C-L. & Chang, W-B. (2007) Four species of Caligus Müller, 1785 (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida, Caligidae) parasitic on marine fishes of Taiwan. Journal of Natural History, 41, 401–417.
Huys R. & Boxshall G.A. (1991) Copepod Evolution. The Ray Society, London, 468 pp.
Ingle, R., Bartlett, H., Beckett, L., Rooke, C., & Goldsmith, L. (1968) Crustacea. Part I (Recent), Part II (Fossil). The Zoological Record, 102, Section 10, 71.
Johnson, S.C., Treasurer, J.W., Bravo, S., Nagasawa, K. & Kabata, Z. (2004) A review of the impact of parasitic copepods on marine aquaculture. Zoological Studies, 43, 229–243.
Justine, J.-L., Beveridge, I., Boxshall, G.A., Bray, R.A., Moravec, F., Trilles, J-P. & Whittington, I.D. (2010a) Parasite biodiversity in coral reef fish: an annotated list of parasites (Isopoda, Copepoda, Monogenea, Digenea, Cestoda and Nematoda) collected in groupers (Serranidae, Epinephelinae) in New Caledonia. Folia Parasitologia, 57, 237–262.
Justine, J.-L., Beveridge, I., Boxshall, G.A., Bray, R.A., Moravec, F. & Whittington, I.D. (2010b) An annotated list of parasites (Copepoda, Monogenea, Digenea, Cestoda and Nematoda) collected in Emperors and Emperor Bream (Lethrinidae) in New Caledonia. Zootaxa, 2691, 1–40.
Justine, J.-L., Beveridge, I., Boxshall, G.A., Bray, R.A., Miller, T., Moravec, F., Trilles, J.-P. & Whittington, I.D. (2012) An annotated list of fish parasites (Isopoda, Copepoda, Monogenea, Digenea, Cestoda and Nematoda) collected from Snappers and Breams (Lutjanidae, Nemipteridae, Caesionidae) in New Caledonia confirms high parasite biodiversity on coral reef fish. Aquatic Biosystems, 8, 22 doi:10.1186/2046-9063-8-22.
Kabata, Z. (1965) Copepoda parasitic on Australian fishes. III. Genera Dentigryps, Heniochophilus and Pseudanuretes (Caligidae). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 13, 8, 19–31.
Kabata, Z. (1979) Parasitic Copepoda of British fishes. The Ray Society, London, 468pp.
Kirtisinghe, P. (1964) A review of the Parasitic Copepods of Fish recorded from Ceylon with Descriptions of Additional forms. Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Station, Ceylon, 17, 45–132.
Krøyer, H. (1863) Bidrag til Kundskab om Snyltekrebsene. Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, series 3, 2, 75–320, pls 1–9.
Kurian, C.V. (1949) Observations on a copepod (Caligus pterois sp. nov.) parasitic on the scorpion fish Pterois russellii (Van Hass). Proceedings of the 35th Indian Science Congress, Pt III, 193–194.
Kurien, C.V. (1950) Bionomics, structure and development of Caligus russellii sp. nov., parasitic copepod on the scorpion fish Pterois russellii (Van Hass). Bulletin of the Central Research Institute, Series C, Natural Sciences. I, 1–21, pls I–III.
Leong, T.S. (1984) Copepoda of the genus Caligus (Caligidae) parasitic on Malaysian fishes. Tropical Biomedicine, 1, 163–174.
Margolis, L., Kabata, Z. & Parker, R.R. (1975) Catalogue and synopsis of Caligus, a genus of Copepoda (Crustacea) parasitic on fishes. Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 192, 1–117.
Nicolet, H. (1849) Historia fisica y politica de Chile por Claudio Gay. Fauna. Volume 3, 547 pp.
Parker, R. R. (1968) Caligus longicaudatus Brady, 1899 (Caligidae: Copepoda). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 15, 355–368.
Pearse, A.S. (1952) Parasitic Crustacea from the Texas coast. Publications of the Institute of Marine Science, The University of Texas, 2, 5–42.
Pillai, N. K. (1961) Copepods parasitic on South Indian fishes. Part I. Caligidae. Bulletin of the Central Research Institute, University of Kerala (C), 8, 87–130.
Pillai, N.K. (1963) Copepods parasitic on South Indian fishes – family Caligidae. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 5, 68–96.
Pillai, N. K. (1985) Fauna of India. Parasitic copepods of marine fishes. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, 900pp.
Prabha, C. (1983) A discussion on the genera of Caligidae (Copepoda). In: Selected papers on Crustacea. Prof (Dr.) N. Krishna Pillai Felicitation volume, Dr P. Rabindranath, Trivandrum, 49–68.
Rangnekar, M.P. (1958) Mappates plataxus gen. et sp. nov., a copepod parasite on the fish, Platax teira (Forsk.). Records of the Indian Museum, 53, 303–308.
Scott, T. (1894) Report on Entomostraca from the Gulf of Guinea, collected by John Rattray, B.Sc. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 6, 1–161, pls 1–15.
Shen, C.-J. (1957) Parasitic copepods from fishes of China. Part II. Caligoida, Caligidae (I). Acta zoologica Sinica, 9, 351–377, pls 1–11. [In Chinese, English summary].
Uma Devi, D.V. & Shyamasundari, K. (1981) A new species of the genus Caligus Muller, 1785 from fish, Dactyloptena orientalis, at Waltair. Indian Journal of Parasitology, 5, 91–94.
Wilson, C.B. (1905) North American parasitic copepods belonging to the family Caligidae. Part 1. The Caliginae. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 28 (1404), 479–672, pls 5–29.
Wilson, C.B. (1908) North American parasitic copepods: new genera and species of Caliginae. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 33 (1580), 593–627, pls 49–56.
Wilson, C.B. (1913) Crustacean parasites of West Indian fishes and land crabs, with descriptions of new genera and species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 44, 189–277, pls 18–53.
Wilson, C.B. (1936) Two new parasitic copepods from Cuban fish. Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural, 10, 107–112.
Yamaguti, S. (1963) Parasitic Copepoda and Branchiura of fishes. Interscience Publishers, New York, 1104 pp.