Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Articles
Published: 2012-10-23
Page range: 69–79
Abstract views: 31
PDF downloaded: 1

Redescription and notes on the reproductive biology of the sea anemone Urticina fecunda (Verrill, 1899), comb. nov. (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Actiniidae)

Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University (Ohio) 43210 USA
Society for the Exploration and Valuing of the Environment (SEVE), Portugal Cove-St. Philips (Newfoundland and Labrador) A1M 2B7 Canada
Department of Ocean Sciences (OSC), Memorial University, St. John’s (Newfoundland and Labrador) A1C 5S7 Canada
Coelenterata Brooding Epiactis Epigonactis

Abstract

The externally brooding sea anemone Epiactis fecunda (Verrill, 1899) is redescribed as Urticina fecunda, comb. nov., onthe basis of preserved type material and anatomical and behavioural observations of recently collected animals. The sea-sonal timing of reproduction and aspects of the settlement and development of brooded offspring are reported. Preciselocality data extend the bathymetric range to waters as shallow as 10 m, and the geographical range east to the AvalonPeninsula (Newfoundland, Canada). We differentiate it from other known northern, externally brooding species of seaanemone. Morphological characters, including verrucae, decamerous mesenterial arrangement, and non-overlapping sizesof basitrichs in tentacles and actinopharynx, agree with a generic diagnosis of Urticina Ehrenberg, 1834 rather than Epiactis Verrill, 1869.

References

  1. Avernicev, V.G. (1967) New species of Actinia (Coelenterata, Anthozoa) from Kuril Islands. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta, Akademiya nauk SSSR, 43, 53–58.

    Carlgren, O. (1901) Die Brutpflege der Actiniarien. Biologischen Centralblatt, 21, 468–484.

    Carlgren, O. (1921) Actiniaria Part I. Danish Ingolf Expedition, 5, 1–241.

    Carlgren, O. (1940) Actiniaria from Alaska and Arctic waters. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 30, 21–27.

    Carlgren, O. (1949) A survey of the Ptychodactiaria, Corallimorpharia, and Actiniaria. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 1, 1–121.

    Chia, F.S., Rostron, M.A. (1970) Some aspects of the reproductive biology of Actinia equina L. (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 50, 253–264.

    Cocks, W.P. (1851) Actiniae (or sea-anemones), procured in Falmouth and its neighbourhood, by W.P. Cocks, Esq., from 1843–1849. Annual Report of the Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society, 19, 3–11.

    Costello, M.J., Bouchet, P., Boxshall, G., Arvantidis, C. & Appeltans, W. (2011) European Register of Marine Species. Available from http://www.marbef.org/data/erms.php/ (accessed 25 April 2012).

    Cuvier, G. (1798) Tableau élémentaire de l’histoire naturelle des animaux. Baudouin, Paris, 710 pp.

    Danielssen, D.C. (1890) Actinida. In Den Norske Nordhavs-Expedition 1876–1878. Zoologi. Grøndahl & Søn, Christiana, 184 pp.

    Dube, V.M.C. (1974) Anêmonas-do-mar (ordem Actiniaria) do estado da Bahia. Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 112 pp.

    Duchassaing, P. (1850) Animaux Radiaires des Antilles. Plon Fréres, Paris, 33 pp.

    Dunn, D.F. (1975) Reproduction of the externally brooding sea anemone Epiactis prolifera Verrill, 1869. Biological Bulletin, 148, 199–218.

    Ehrenberg, C. G. (1834) Beiträge zur physiologischen Kenntniss der Corallenthiere im allgemeinen, und besonders desrothen Meeres, nebst einem Versuche zur physiologischen Systematik derselben. Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1, 225–380.

    Fautin, D.G. (2011) Hexacorallians of the World. Available from http://geoportal.kgs.ku.edu/hexacoral/anemone2/index.cfm/ (accessed 26 April 2012).

    Fautin, D.G. & Chia, F.S. (1986) Revision of sea anemone genus Epiactis (Coelenterata: Actiniaria) on the Pacific coast of North America, with descriptions of two new brooding species. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 64, 1665–1674.

    Hand, C. (1955) The sea anemones of central California Part II. The endomyarian and mesomyarian anemones. The Wasmann Journal of Biology, 13, 37–99.

    Hauswaldt, J.S. & Pearson, K.E. (1999) Urticina mcpeaki, a new species of sea anemone (Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Actiniidae) from the North American Pacific coast. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 112, 652–660.

    Ishimura, M. & Nishihira, M. (2003) Direct attachment of eggs to the body wall in the externally brooding sea anemone Cnidopus japonicus (Actiniaria; Actiniidae). Journal of Ethology, 21, 93–99.

    Kwietniewski, C.R. (1898) Actiniaria von Ost-Spitzbergen, nach den Sammlungen von Prof. Dr. W. Kukenthal und Dr. A. Walter. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 11, 121–140.

    Lesson, R.P. (1830) Description des animaux de la famille des Actiniées. in Voyage autour du monde, exécuté par ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824, et 1825, sous le ministère et conformément aux instructions de S. E. M. de Marquis de Clermont-Tonnerre, ministre de la marine. Arthus Bertrand, Paris, 67–83.

    Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturæ. Regnum animale, 10th edition. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm.

    Linnaeus, C. (1761) Fauna Svecica. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 578 pp.

    Mercier, A., Sun, Z., & Hamel, J.-F. (2011) Internal brooding favours pre-metamorphic chimerism in a non-colonial cnidarian, the sea anemone Urticina felina. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 278, 3517–3522.

    Müeller, O.F. (1776) Zoologiae Danicae prodromus, seu animalium Daniae et Norvegiae indigenarum characteres, nomina et synonyma imprimis popularium. Hallageriis, Copenhagen, 274 pp.

    Presnell, J.K. & Schreibman, M.P. (1997) Animal tissue techniques. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 572 pp.

    Rafinesque, C.S. (1815) Analyse de la nature ou tableau de l’Univers et des corps organisés. C.S. Rafinesque, Palerme, 224 pp.

    Sanamyan, N. & Sanamyan, K. (2006) The genera Urticina and Cribrinopsis (Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from the north-western Pacific. Journal of Natural History, 40, 359–393.

    Sebens, K.P. & Laakso, G. (1978) The genus Tealia (Anthozoa: Actiniaria) in the waters of the San Juan Archipelago and the Olympic Peninsula. Wassmann Journal of Biology, 35, 152–168.

    Sebens, K.P. (1998) Anthozoa: Actiniaria, Zoanthidea, Corallimorpharia, and Ceriantharia. In: Pearce, J.B. (Ed.), Marine flora and fauna of the eastern United States. National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington, pp. 1–67.

    Solé-Cava, A.M., Thorpe, J.P., & Kaye, J.G. (1985) Reproductive isolation with little genetic divergence between Urticina (= Tealia) felina and U. eques (Anthozoa: Actiniaria). Marine Biology, 85, 279–284.

    Stephenson, T.A. (1918) Coelenterata. I. Actiniaria. Natural History Reports on British Antarctic (“Terra Nova”) Expedition 1910, 5, 1–68.

    Stephenson, T.A. (1922) On the classification of Actiniaria. Part III. Definitions connected with the forms dealt with in Part II. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 66, 247–319.

    Verrill, A.E. (1864) Revision of the polypi of the eastern coast of the United States. Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, 1, 1–45.

    Verrill, A.E. (1866) Madreporaria [continued]. Communications of the Essex Institute, 5, 33–50.

    Verrill, A.E. (1868) Synopsis of the polyps and corals of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under Commodore C. Ringgold and Capt. John Rodgers, U.S.N., from 1853 to 1856. Collected by Dr. Wm. Stimpson, naturalist to the expedition. Part IV. Actiniaria [First part]. Communications of the Essex Institute, 5, 315–330.

    Verrill, A.E. (1869a) Review of the corals and polyps of the west coast of America. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1, 422–502.

    Verrill, A.E. (1869b) Synopsis of the polyps and corals of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under Commodore C. Ringgold and Capt. John Rodgers, U.S.N., from 1853 to 1856. Collected by Dr. Wm. Stimpson, naturalist to the expedition. Part IV. Actiniaria [Second part]. Proceedings of the Essex Institute, 6, 51–104.

    Verrill, A.E. (1899) Description of imperfectly known and new actinians with critical notes on other species V. The American Journal of Science, 7, 375–380.

    Verrill, A.E. (1922) The Actiniaria of the Canadian Arctic Expeditions, with notes on interesting species from Hudson Bay and other Canadian localities. Report on the Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913–1918, 8, 89–164.

    Williams, R.B. (1996) Measurements of cnidae from sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria): statistical parameters and taxonomic relevance. Scientia Marina, 60, 339–351.