Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 3318 No. 1: 21 May. 2012
Type: Articles
Published: 2012-05-21
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3318.1.1
Page range: 1–25
Abstract views: 71
PDF downloaded: 4

Epinotia cinereana (Haworth, 1811) bona sp., a Holarctic tortricid distinct from E. nisella (Clerck, 1759) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Eucosmini) as evidenced by DNA barcodes, morphology and life history

Zoological Museum, Department of Biology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, Oulu 90014, Finland
Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1172 Blindern, NO-0318 Oslo, Norway
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, C.E.F., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
Zoologische Staatssammlung, München, Germany
Zoological Museum, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
Lepidoptera cryptic species DNA barcoding Epinotia criddleana holarctic distribution

Abstract

DNA barcodes of European tortricid moths identified as Epinotia nisella (Clerck, 1759) were found to comprise two ge-netically distinct clusters. These coincided with E. nisella and E. cinereana (Haworth, 1811) (sp. rev.), the latter havingbeen considered a synonym of the former for several decades. Comparing these DNA barcodes with those of North Amer-ican Epinotia showed that both species are Holarctic. The North American Proteopteryx criddleana Kearfott, 1907 is anew junior synonym of E. cinereana (syn. nov.). The two species also show distinct differences in male and female gen-italia. North American populations of both species show moderate differences in barcodes from their respective Europeanpopulations but there are no morphological differences correlated with the intraspecific barcode clusters. Tortrix petranaHübner, 1813 is considered as a junior synonym of E. cinereana (syn. rev.). Epinotia nisella has several synonyms reflect-ing its highly variable forewing colour pattern. We discuss its variation and the status of the names associated with it. The biology of both species in Europe and North America is summarized. Adults and genitalia are illustrated.

References

  1. Aarvik, L. (2011) Fauna Europaea: Tortricidae. In: Karsholt, O. & Nieukerken, E.J. van (eds.) Fauna Europaea: Lepidoptera. Fauna Europaea, version 2.4, http://www.faunaeur.org

    Agassiz, D. & Langmaid, J.R. (2004) The Eucosma hohenwartiana group of species (Tortricidae). Nota lepidopterologica, 27, 41–49.

    Barrett, C.G. (1882) Notes on British Tortrices. Entomologist’s monthly Magazine, 19, 58–59.

    Bentinck, G.A.G. & Diakonoff, A. (1968) De Nederlandse Bladrollers (Tortricidae). Monografieën van de Nederlandse Entomologische Vereeniging, 3, 201 pp., 99 pls. Amsterdam.

    Bradley, J.D. (1966) Type specimens of Microlepidoptera in the University Museum, Oxford, described by Haworth. Entomologist’s Gazette, 17, 129–140.

    Bradley, J.D., Fletcher, D.S. & Whalley, P.E.S. (1972) In: Kloet; G.S. & Hincks, W.D. (eds). A check list of British insects. 2nd edition (Revised). Part 2: Lepidoptera. Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, 11(2), viii + 153 pp., Royal Entomological Society of London.

    Bradley, J.D., W.G. Tremewan, W.G. & Smith, A (1979) British tortricoid moths. Tortricidae: Olethreutinae. The Ray Society, London, viii + 336 pp., 43 pls.

    Brown, J.W. et al. (2005) Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). World Catalogue of Insects, 5, 1–741. Apollo Books.

    Clerck, C. (1759–64) Icones Insectorum Rariorum. [xii] + [iii} pp., 55 pls. Holmiae.

    Donovan, E. (1793) The natural history of British insects; explaining them in their several states, with the periods of their transformations, their food, oeconomy etc.; together with the history of such minute insects as required investigation by the microscope, 2, Revington, London, 96 + 6 pp.

    Dufrane, A. (1930) Microlépidoptères nouveaux pour la faune belge. Lambillionea, 1930 (11), 158–161.

    Frölich, F. (1828) Enumeratio Tortricum Würtembergiae. Tubingae, Typis Schoenhardtianis, 102 pp.

    Gilligan, T.M., Wright, D.J. & Gibson, L.D. (2008) Olethreutine moths of the midwestern United States, an identification guide. Ohio Biological Survey Bulletin New Series, 16(2), 1–334.

    Guenée, M.A. (1845) Essai sur une nouvelle classification des microlépidoptères et catalogue des espèces europénnes connues jusqu'a ce jour. Annls Société Entomologique de France, (2)3, 145–192.

    Hannemann, H.-J. (1961) Kleinschmetterlinge oder Microlepidoptera I. Die Wickler (s. str.) Tortricidae. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, 48, i–ix, 1–233, pls 1–22.

    Hausmann, A., Hebert, P. D. N., Mitchell, A., Rougerie, R., Sommerer, M., Edwards, T. & Young, C.J. (2009) Revision of the Australian Oenochroma vinaria Guenée, 1858 species-complex (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Oenochrominae): DNA barcoding reveals cryptic diversity and assesses status of type specimen without dissection. Zootaxa, 2239, 1–21.

    Haworth, A.H. (1811) Lepidoptera Britannica. Part 3, 377–512. London.

    Heinrich, C. (1923) Revision of the North American moths of the subfamily Eucosminae of the family Olethreutidae. Bulletin of the U.S. National Museum, 123, 1–298.

    Herrich-Schäffer, G.A.W. (1856) Index alphabetico-synonymicus ad Vol. I–V. Pp. (1) 24, (2) 64, (3) 34, (4) 48, (5) 52. Systematische Bearbeitung der Schmetterlinge von Europa, 6. Regensburg.

    Hübner, J. ([1796–1833]) Sammlung europaïscher Schmetterlinge 7, Tortrices. Augsburg. 53 pls.

    Hübner, J. ([1813]) Sammlung europaïscher Schmetterlinge 7, Tortrices. Plates 31–37.

    Hübner, J. ([1819]) Sammlung europaïscher Schmetterlinge 7, Tortrices. Plates 42–43.

    Ivanova, N.V., DeWaard, J.R., & Hebert, P.D.N. (2006) An inexpensive, automation-friendly protocol for recovering high-quality DNA. Molecular Ecology Notes 6, 998–1002.

    Kaila, L. & Wikström, B. (2004) Leucoptera lathyrifoliella (Stainton, 1866) and L. orobi (Stainton, 1870): two distinct species (Lyonetiidae). Nota lepidopterologica, 27, 187–192.

    Karsholt, O., Aarvik, L., Agassiz, D., Huemer, P. & Tuck, K. (2005) Acleris effractana (Hübner, 1799) – a Holarctic Tortricid. Nota lepidopterologica, 28, 93–102.

    Karsholt, O. & Nielsen, E.S. (1976) Notes on some Lepidoptera described by Linnaeus, Fabricius, and Ström. Entomologica scandinavica, 7, 241–251.

    Kawabe, A. (1982) Tortricidae. In: Inoue, H., Sugi, S., Kuroko, H., Moriuti, S. & Kawabe, A. (eds.): Moths of Japan. The Kyodo Printing Co., Ltd. Tokyo, (1) 966 pp., (2) 552 pp., 392 pls.

    Kearfott, W.D. (1907) New Micro-Lepidoptera. The Canadian Entomologist, 39, 53–60.

    Kennel, J. von, (1908–1921) Die Palaearktischen Tortriciden. Zoologica 21(54). E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, 742 pp., 24 + 1 pls.

    Klemensiewicz, S. (1902) O nowych i mało znanych gatunkach motyli fauny galicyjskiej. Przyczynek trzeci. Sprawozdania Komisji Fizyograficznej oraz Materyay do Fizyografii Kraju, 32, 40–76.

    Krulikowsky, L. (1908) Einige neue Varietäten und Aberrationen der Lepidopteren des östlichen Russlands (Gouvern. Wiatka und Kasan.) Societas entomologica, 23 (1), 2–3, (2), 11–12, (3), 18.

    Kusch, D.S. (1967) Notes on the biology of Epinotia criddleana Kft. Bimonthly Research Notes, Canadian Forest Service, 23 (1), 3.

    Kuznetsov, V.I. (1978) Tortricidae. Pp. 193–680. In: Medvedev, G.S. (ed.). Keys to the insects of the European part of the USSR, 4, Lepidoptera, part 1. Keys to the fauna of the USSR, no. 117. Leningrad. [in Russian]

    Kuznetsov, V.I. (2001) Fam. Tortricidae (Olethreutidae, Cochylidae) - leaf rollers. Pp. 11–472 In: Lehr, P. A. (ed.). Keys to the insects of Russian Far East, 5. Trichoptera and Lepidoptera. Part 3. Vladivostok, Dal'nauka. [in Russian]

    Larsen, C.S. (1927) Tillæg til fortegnelse over Danmark Microlepidoptera. Entomologiske Meddelelser, 17, 7–211.

    Liu, Y.Q. (1981) Cochylidae and Tortricidae. In: Wang, P.Y., Wang, L.Y., Fang, C.L., Bai, J.W., Zhu, H.R., Liu, Y.Q., Liu, X.Q., Chen, Y.X., Shen, G.P., Zhang, B.L., Zhao, Z.L., Hou, T.Q. & Cai. R.Q. (Eds), Iconographia Heterocerorum Sinicorum, 1, 28–56, pls 6–8, Beijing: Academia Sinica.

    MacKay, M.R. (1959) Larvae of the North American Olethreutidae (Lepidoptera). The Canadian Entomologist Supplement, 10, 1–338.

    MacKay, M.R. (1965) The larva of Epinotia criddleana Kft. and a note on Pseudexentera oregonana Wlshm. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 97, 666–668.

    Miller, W.E. (1986a) Epinotia nisella (Clerck): an unrecorded host and mode of feeding (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Great Lakes Entomologist, 19, 205–207.

    Mutanen, M., Itämies, J. & Kaila, L. (2007) Heliozela resplendella (Stainton, 1851) and H. hammoniella Sorhagen, 1885: two valid species distinguishable in the genitalia of both sexes and life histories (Heliozelidae). Nota lepidopterologica, 30, 79–92.

    Oku, T. (2004) Three Olethreutine species (Tortricidae) new to Japan from Hokkaido. Japan Heterocerists’ Journal, 227, 29–32.

    Pierce, F.N. & Metcalfe, J.W. (1922) The Genitalia of the Group Tortricidæ of the Lepidoptera of the British Islands. Oundle, xxii + 101 pp., 34 pls.

    Prentice, R.M. (1965) Forest Lepidoptera of Canada recorded by the Forest Insect Survey. Vol. 4. Microlepidoptera. Department of Forestry of Canada, Publication 1142, 545–840.

    Ratnasingham, S. & Hebert, P.D.N. (2007) BOLD: The Barcode of Life Data System (http://www.barcodinglife.org). Molecular Ecology Notes, 7, 355–364.

    Razowski, J. (2003) Olethreutinae. Tortricidae of Europe, vol 2, 301 pp. František Slamka, Bratislava.

    Rebel, H. (1901) In: Staudinger, O. & Rebel, H. Catalog der Lepidopteren des palaearctischen Faunengebietes, 2. R. Friedländer & Sohn, Berlin, Germany, 368 pp.

    Robinson, G.S. & Nielsen, E.S. (1983). The Microlepidoptera described by Linnaeus and Clerck. Systematic Entomology, 8, 191–142.

    Schrank, F.v.P. (1802) Fauna Boica. Durchgedachte Geschichte der in Baiern einheimischen und zahmen Thiere, 2 (2), viii + 412 pp. Ingolstadt.

    Schopfer, E. (1913) Epiblema nisella Cl. und Varietäten. Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift Iris, 26 (1912), 204–207, pl. 8.

    Scopoli, J.A. (1763) Entomologica Carniolica exhibens insecta Carnioliae indigena et distribute in ordines, genera, species, varietates, methodo Linneana. Vindobonae, Trattner, xxxvi + 421 pp.

    Segerer, A.H., Haslberger, A., Grünewald T. (2011) Olethreutes subtilana (Falkovich, 1959): Unexpected occurrence of an ‘eastern’ leaf roller in Central Europe, uncovered by DNA barcoding (Tortricidae: Olethreutinae). Nota lepidopterologica, 33 (2010), 197–206.

    Sinev, S.Yu. & Nedoshivina, S. V. (2009). Tortricidae. Pp. 114–148 In: Sinev, S.Yu., (ed.): Katalog Cheshuekrylykh (Lepidoptera) Rossii (Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Russia) [in Russian]. KMK Scientific press Ltd., St. Petersburg & Moscow, 424 pp.

    Stephens, J.F. (1829) A systematic catalogue of British insects: being an attempt to arrange all the hitherto discovered indigenous insects in accordance with natural affinities, vol. 2. Baldwin and Cradock, London, 388 pp.

    Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M. & Kumar, S. (2011) MEGA5: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis using Maximum Likelihood, Evolutionary Distance, and Maximum Parsimony Methods. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 28, 2731–2739

    Villers, C. de (1789) Caroli Linnæi entomologica, faune Suecicæ descriptionibus acuta; DD. Scopoli, Geoffroy, de geer, Fabricii, Schrank, &c. speciebus vel in Sysiemate non enumerates, vel nuperrime detectis, vel speciebus Galliæ Australis locupletata, generum specierumque rariorum iconibus ornate. Piestre et Delamolliere, Lugduni. Xvi + 656 pp, 3 pls.

    Wilson, J.J., Landry, J.-F., Janzen, D.H., Hallwachs, W., Nazari, V., Hajibabaei, M. & Hebert, P.D.N. (2010) Identity of the ailanthus webworm moth (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutidae), a complex of two species: evidence from DNA barcoding, morphology and ecology. ZooKeys, 40, 41–60.