Abstract
Ten years after the last description of a new species of Aspilia from Brazil, a new species of Brazilian Aspilia (Heliantheae, Asteraceae) is here described as A. pseudocalea, a species endemic to the State of Goiás, Brazil. This new species is recognized by its herbaceous habit, linear leaves, and a prominent glabrous, stramineous scar on the base of the cypsela that extends to near the middle of the fruit body. It is closely related to A. prostrata, but differs by the leaf shape, involucre size and number of series of involucral bracts, and geographical distribution. Illustrations, comments, distribution map, and conservation status are provided for the new species. Additionally, a diagnostic key to closely related species is provided.