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Type: Article
Published: 2016-12-20
Page range: 36–48
Abstract views: 28
PDF downloaded: 62

Polyphyly of the genus Canoparmelia—uncovering incongruences between phenotype-based classification and molecular phylogeny within lichenized Ascomycota (Parmeliaceae)

Department of Plant Sciences, Kenyatta University, P. O Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya Botany Department, National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 40658-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040 Spain
Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040 Spain
Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, 193 MLBM, Provo, UT 84602, USA
Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Meru University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 972-60200, Meru, Kenya
Department of Plant Sciences, Kenyatta University, P. O Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
Science & Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, U.S.A.
Lichens Africa classification integrative taxonomy molecular systematics parmotremoid lichens

Abstract

Many phenotypical features traditionally used to classify genera in Parmeliaceae and in lichens in general have evolved several times independently, potentially limiting their taxonomic utility. Here, we aim to elucidate evolutionary relationships of Canoparmelia s. lat. among other parmotremoid taxa. A multilocus dataset (ITS, nuLSU and mtSSU rDNA sequences) was gathered and analyzed within a phylogenetic framework. Canoparmelia s. lat. was recovered as highly polyphyletic within the parmelioid clade, and three divergent lineages representing Canoparmelia s. lat. were identified in addition to the previously segregated Crespoa group. Of these, two formed a sister relationship with Parmotrema. However, no apparent diagnostic morphological features were found distinguishing the distinct Canoparmelia s. lat. clades reconstructed in the phylogenetic analyses. As a consequence, we propose to restrict the circumscription of Canoparmelia to clade 1 (i.e. the C. texana group) and to include clades 2 and 3 in Parmotrema. We propose to recognize these well-supported monophyletic clades at subgeneric level. Consequently, the new subgeneric name Parmotrema subgen. Africanae is proposed for clade 3 recovered in this study. Since clade 4, which clusters with the genera Nesolechia and Punctelia, is only represented by a single sequenced specimen, we refrain from proposing any taxonomic changes. The new combinations Parmotrema epileucum, and P. zimbabwense are proposed.