Abstract
Justicia thunbergioides (Acanthaceae, Justicieae) is reported for the first time from Paraíba State, northeastern Brazil. It was collected in the municipality of Cuité, Agreste region, a transitional area between the “Zona da Mata” and “Sertão”. This new occurrence in Paraíba extends its range approximately 140 km from the closest population and it was found in hypoxerophytic caatinga, forming dense clumps in open but shaded areas, under scrub vegetation and on stony soil. Acanthaceae in general has a great ornamental potential and this species, in particular, may be used in native plant gardens since it is adapted to semi-arid weather conditions and also attracts local fauna. Description, taxonomic comments, distributional map and images are presented for this taxon. Additionally, a key to distinguish the native species of Justicia in Paraíba is provided.